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[国内外] 2021年10月30日中国大陆雅思A类笔试真题回忆+答案汇总(听说

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发表于 2021-10-25 10:55:16 | 只看该作者 |只看大图 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
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2021年10月30日中国大陆雅思A类笔试真题回忆+答案汇总(听说读写答案+机经整理汇总)
回忆1:
大作文:父母倾向于给孩子们很大压力让他们成功 分析原因 以及 说明影响是积极的还是消极的
小作文:表格题,五个国家的女性就业率和女性是经理的占比
回忆2:
小作文: table ; women in workforce & management in 5 countries
大作文: parents put a lot pressure for children to succeed ; reasons & is it positive or negative development;
回忆3:
听力
p4是未来机场
回忆4:
阅读:
第一篇一种蠕虫
第二篇高文骑士
第三篇关于科学的偶然性(Accidental Scientists)
原文:
A
A paradox lies close to the heart of scientific discovery. If you know justwhat you are looking for, finding it can hardly count as a discovery, since itwas fully anticipated. But if, on the other hand, you have no notion of whatyou are looking for, you cannot know when you have found it, and discovery, assuch, is out of the question. In the philosophy of science, these extremes maponto the purist forms of deductivism and inductivism: In the former, theoutcome is supposed to be logically contained in the premises you start with;in the latter, you are recommended to start with no expectations whatsoever andsee what turns up.
B
As in so many things, the ideal position is widely supposed to residesomewhere in between these two impossible-to-realise extremes. You want to havea good enough idea of what you are looking for to be surprised when you findsomething else of value, and you want to be ignorant enough of your end pointthat you can entertain alternative outcomes. Scientific discovery should,therefore, have an accidental aspect, but not too much of one. Serendipity is aword that expresses a position something like that. !t9s a fascinating word,and the late Robert King Merton—“the father of the sociology of science”liked it well enough to compose its biography, assisted by the Frenchcultural historian Elinor Barber
C
The word did not appear in the published literature until the early 19thcentury and did not become well enough known to use without explanation untilsometime in the first third of the 20th century. Serendipity means a “happyaccident” or “pleasant surprise”, specifically, the accident of findingsomething good or useful without looking for it. The first noted use of^serendipity^ in the English language was by Horace Walpole. He explained thatit came from the fairy tale, called The Three Princes of Serendip (the ancientname for Ceylon, or present day Sri Lanka), whose heroes 4
D
Antiquarians, following Walpole, found use for it, as they were alwaysrummaging about for curiosities, and unexpected but pleasant surprises were notunknown to them. Some people just seemed to have a knack for that sort ofthing, and serendipity was used to express that special capacity. The othercommunity that came to dwell on serendipity to say something important abouttheir practice was that of scientists, and here usages cut to the heart of thematter and were often vigorously contested. Many scientists, including theHarvard physiologist Walter Cannon and, later, the British immunologist PeterMedawar, liked to emphasise how much of scientific discovery was unplanned andeven accidental. One of the examples is Hans Christian 0rsted's discovery ofelectromagnetism when he unintentionally brought a current-carrying wireparallel to a magnetic needle. Rhetoric about the sufficiency of rationalmethod was so much hot air. Indeed, as Medawar insisted, *There is no suchthing as The Scientific Method,M no way at all of systematising the process ofdiscovery. Really important discoveries had a way of showing up when they had amind to do so and not when you were looking for them. Maybe somescientists,like some book collectors, had a happy knack; maybe serendipity describedthe situation rather than a personal skill or capacity.
E
Some scientists using the word meant to stress those accidents belonging tothe situation; some treated serendipity as a personal capacity; many othersexploited the ambiguity of the notion. Yet what Cannon and Medawar took as abenign nose-thumbing at Dreams of Method, other scientists found incendiary. Tosay that science had a significant serendipitous aspect was taken by some asdangerous denigration. If scientific discovery were really accidental, thenwhat was the special basis of expert authority? In this connection, theaphorism of choice came from no less an authority on scientific discovery thanLouis Pasteur: ^Chance favors the prepared mind." Accidents may happen,and things may turn up unplanned and unforeseen, as one is looking forsomething else, but the ability to notice such events, to see their potentialbearing and meaning, to exploit their occurrence and make constructive use ofthem—these are the results of systematic mental preparation. What seems like anaccident is just another form of expertise. On closer inspection, it isinsisted, accident dissolves into sagacity.
F
The context in which scientific serendipity was most contested and had itsgreatest resonance was that connected with the idea of planned science. Theserendipitists were not all inhabitants of academic ivory towers. As Merton andBarber note, two of the great early-20th- century American pioneers ofindustrial research—Willis Whitney and Irving Langmuir, both of GeneralElectric—made much play of serendipity, in the course of arguing against overlyrigid research planning. Langmuir thought that misconcqtions about thecertainty and rationality of the research process did much harm and that amature acceptance of uncertainty was far more likely to result in productiveresearch policies. For his own part, Langmuir said that satisfactory outcomes cSo, from within the bowels of corporate capitalism came powerful arguments, byway of serendipity, for scientific spontaneity and autonomy. The notion thatindustry was invariably committed to the regimentation of scientific researchjust doesn't wash.
G
For Merton himself--who one supposes must have been the seniorauthor—serendipity represented the keystone in the arch of his socialscientific work. In 1936, as a very young man, Merton wrote a seminal essay onThe Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action. It is, he aigued,the nature of social action that what one intends is rarely what one gets:Intending to provide resources for buttressing Christian religion, the naturalphilosophers of the Scientific Revolution laid the groundwork for secularism;people wanting to be alone with nature in Yosemite Valley wind up crowding oneanother. We just don't know enough—and we can never know enough—to ensure thatthe past is an adequate guide to the future: Uncertainty about outcomes, evenof our best-laid plans, is endemic. AH social action, including that undertakenwith the best evidence and formulated according to the most rational criteria,is uncertain in its consequences.
Questions27-32
ReadingPassage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choosethe most suitable heading for paragraphs A~G fwm the list of headings below.Write the appropriate number, i-jc, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List ofHeadings
iExamples of some scientific discoveries
iiHorace Walpole’s fairy tale
iiiResolving the contradiction
iv Whatis the Scientific Method
v Thecontradiction of views on scientific discovery
vi Somemisunderstandings of serendipity
viiOpponents of authority
viiiReality doesn’t always match expectation
ix Howthe word came into being
xIllustration of serendipity in the business sector
27Paragraph A
Example
Answer
ParagraphB
iii
28Paragraph C
29Paragraph D
30Paragraph E
31Paragraph F
32Paragraph G
Questions33-37
Choosethe correct letter, At B, C or D,
Writethe correct letter in boxes 33-3 7 on your answer sheet,
33 Inparagraph Athe word “inductivism” means
Aanticipate results in the beginning.
B workwith prepared premises.
C acceptchance discoveries.
D lookfor what you want.
34Medawar says “there is no such thing as The Scientific Method” because
Adiscoveries are made by people with determined mind.
Bdiscoveries tend to happen unplanned.
C theprocess of discovery is unpleasant.
Dserendipity is not a skill.
35 Manyscientists dislike the idea of serendipity because
A it iseasily misunderstood and abused.
B it istoo unpredictable.
C it isbeyond their comprehension.
D itdevalues their scientific expertise.
36 Thewriter mentions Irving Langmuir to illustrate
Aplanned science should be avoided.
Bindustrial development needs uncertainty.
C peopletend to misunderstand the relationship between cause and effect.
D acceptinguncertainty can help produce positive results.
37 Theexample of Yosemite is to show
A theconflict between reality and expectation.
B theimportance of systematic planning.
C theintention of social action.
D thepower of anticipation.
Questions38-40
Answerthe questions below.
ChooseNO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers inboxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
38 Whois the person that first used the word “serendipity”?
39 Whatkind of story does the word come from?
40 Whatis the present name of serendip?
答案:
27.v    28.ix    29.i     30.vi    31.x    32.viii   
33.C    34.B   35.D    36.D    37.A  
38.Horace Walpole    39. fairy tale    40.Sri Lanka

回忆5:
听力
Part 2 住宿设施介绍
题型:填空
11-20 填空
11. there are two keys: the flat key (the smaller one) and …
12. you should not forget to bring key with you because the door is self-locking/locked
13. there are two bathrooms in the flat but only one has the shower
14. music is not allowed before 7 am and after 9 pm
15. you can have your own food/meal in the kitchen
16. you can do laundry in the basement
17. you can find fire blanket on the roof
18. fire alarm is on the wall
19. you can find cleaning equipment in the …
20. you do not have to take care of the outside environment and the outside window

Part 3 学生对学校服务的意见
题型:匹配+填空+多选(题目存在争议,欢迎大家留言讨论)
21-26 匹配
Two students comment on teaching and learning of their university
A. both of the students agree with the statement
B. the students neither agree or disagree with the statement
C. the students disagree with the statement

21. information about the course is clear: B
22. students receive enough academic support from the staff: A
23. the content of the course scheme meets students’ expectations: B
24. the tutor’s feedback for assignment is useful: A
25. there is enough room in the library: C
26. library provision of books can meet students’ study need: C
27-28 填空
27. need advertise more
28. need more part-time job
29-30 多选
29-30. Which two parts of college should be improved?
B. catering facilities
C. healthcare service


Part 4 机场未来建设
题型:单选+匹配+填空
31-33 单选
31. recently, a fast growth of construction of new airports
C. deserves close attention
32. one noticeable fact is that construction of new airport is
B. more important than other buildings
33. what are the airport, cities and town in common?
A. respond to change
34-38 匹配
34. S1: there are more expensive flights because of economic depression
35. S2: there are emerging new airports
36. S3: there are also new transports pattern appeared
37. S4: people’s interest in flying is declining in western countries
38. S5: airlines cannot hold business because of the costly maintenance
39-40 填空
39. if the environmental problems continue, airport must be imposed on the “green tax
40. flight will close down if a trip does not get an insurance
回忆6:
小作文
The table gives information about the female workforce and female managers in five countries.
大作文
Nowadays, some parents put a lot of pressure on their children. Why parents the reason for doing that? Is this a positive or negative development for the children?
现在有些家长给儿童太多压力,为什么家长要这么做?这对儿童来讲是一个积极的还是消极的发展?
回忆7:
小作文:表格
5个国家女性劳动力占比以及女性管理层(management)的占比

大作文:
Nowadays, some parents put a lot of pressure on their children to succeed. What are the reasons? Is this a positive or negative development for children?
回忆8:
听力
P1:主题公园活动介绍
题型:填空
1.slide
2.lockers
3.hiking
4.tennis
5.five/5
6.picnic
7.15%
8.boat trip
9.photo
10.12

P2:对住宿设施的介绍
题型: 填空
11. smaller one
12. self-locking/locked
13.shower
14.music
15.own food
16.basement
17.blanket
18.fire alarm
19.cleaning
20.windows

P3:填写学生对学校服务的意见
题型:匹配+多选
21-26 匹配
21.B (neither agree nor disagree)
22.B (neither agree nor disagree)
23.C (disagree)
24.A (both agree)
25.A (both agree)
26.B(neither agree nor disagree)
27-28 多选
B C
29-30 填空
29.part-time
30.help desk
(答案可能略有出入,欢迎来留言区讨论~)

P4:关于未来机场的讲座
题型:单选+匹配+填空
31-33 单选
31.C
32.B
33.A
34-38 匹配 (以下仅显示部分关键词)
34. 匹配 economic depression; fuel shortage
35. 匹配 airports
36. 匹配 transports
37. 匹配 declining
38.匹配 maintenance
39-40 填空
39. green tax
40.insurance
(答案可能略有出入,欢迎来留言区讨论~)
回忆9:
阅读
Passage1:一种蠕虫
Passage2: 诗歌
Passage3:科学家理论
回忆10:
机考大作文:some people think thatit is good for country's culture imported foreign movies and TV programmes,others think that it is better to make their own films and TV programmes. discuss both views and give your opinion
回忆11:
回忆12:


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特别提醒:雅思考试20多年来,有非常严格的规律性和出题思路。全世界有6大考区,而只有一个剑桥考试中心几个人在出题,每个考区一周平均要出一份考卷,一个月很多考区平均出24份考卷。(尤其是2019-2021年以来,全世界各考区和众多城市开始增加雅思机考的选择,机考的城市几乎每天都有雅思考试,一个月考官要出20几份雅思机考卷子,机考跟传统纸质考试的区别只是纸质和电脑上考试的区别,考试内容、评分标准、难度等级、考试题型、考试安全设置等方面均与现行的纸笔模式完全一致。)雅思考试如此频繁,如何保证达到难度一样呢,如何保证新题难度、准确度和评价机制公平呢,所以只能是20几年来的题库旧题目的有效组合,新题不能超出5%-10%,每份雅思卷子都是90%-99%以上旧题。每一份雅思考试试题其实是大部分旧题原题真题+个别新题目的重新组合,多年雅思考官和专家Edward老师非常熟悉雅思出题规律和听说读写题库出题组合卷子的秘诀,IRP资料因此而诞生!紧跟考情雅思真题预测答案!IRP听说读写全套!场场命中90%-100%!精准小范围!

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