回忆1：
Listening
1. homeless
2. museum
3. 5/ 5th
4. Wednesday
5. prices
6. clothing
7. toys
8. reliable
9. confident
10. applications
11. 选Futura Rentals
12. 选Futura Rentals
13. 选Abbah Drive
14. 选Comfort Car Hire
15. 选Abbah Drive
16. 选Comfort Car Hire
17.B
18.B
19.B
20.B
21. Email address
22. upper level
23. intensive
24. modern languages
25. multimediaresources
26. Law
27.B
28. G
29. H
30. 22 October
31. informationsector
32. satisfaction
33. 2 hours
34. collection
35. digital store
36. preservation
37. attachment
38. marketing
39. selection
40. traditionalliterature
回忆2：
Reading
1. seven years
2. 670
3. lung function
4. immune system
5. heart patients
6. optimism has notbeen considered a worthy research topic
7. optimism have anunrealistic view of life
8. happiness is notlinked to material comfort
9. levels ofoptimism can deccrease with age
10. excessiveoptimism may have negative consequences
11. Yes
12. Not given
13. NO
14. E
15. I
16. B
17. D
18. C
19.G
20. B
21. D
22. C
23.cosmetics
24. birds
25. chemicals
26. fly
27. NO
28. Yes
29. Not Given
30. Yes
31. Yes
32. D
33. E
34. B
35. C
36. processes
37. cross-docking
38. strategic
39. demand
40. managementservices
回忆3：
Writing Task2
Wrire about thefollowing topic:
Studies suggest childrennow watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less timedoing active or creative things.
Why do you thinkthis is the case?
What measures couldsbe taken to encourage children to spend more time doing active and creativethings?
Give reasons foryour answer and inlude any relevant examples from your own knowledge orexperience.
回忆4：
听力
Section3 法律系学生和老师对话
21. Put your name and e-mail address on
22. Location: blackstone,upper level, room 301
23. Modern languages
24. Multimedia
25. The Law Department
26. North Department
27. A cautious languages
28. F Generalization
29. G Summarizing
30. Final deadline to submit draft: 25th October
版本二：
S4 教授讲library的一些改进,现代技术对图书馆的影响
31-40填空题：
31首先对图书馆用户进行分类：information sector
32 用户获取信息的方法：电子版send with2 hours
33. collectionof material
34. 及时的反馈satisfactionwith the book
35. attachment
36. createadigital storage systemof materials
37. long-termpreservationof materials
38. 录用的新人员会marketing
39. 目标用户分析的第一步selection
40. 相关study方向的literature
回忆5：
阅读
Optimism and Health（乐观与健康）
原文：
Mindset (心态) is all.How you start the year will set the template for 2009, and two scientificallybacked character traits hold the key: optimism and resilience (if the prospectleaves you feeling pessimistically spineless, the good news is that you cansignificantly boost both of these qualities).
A
Faced with 12months of plummeting economics and rising human distress, staunchly maintaininga rosy view might seem deucedly Pollyannaish. But here we encounter theoptimism paradox. As Brice Pitt, an emeritus professor of the psychiatry of oldage at Imperial College, London, told me: optimists are unrealistic. Depressivepeople see things as they really are, but that is a disadvantage from an evolutionary pointof view. Optimism is a piece of evolutionary equipment that carried us throughmillennia of setbacks. B
It has been knownthat optimistic has something to do with the long life, and optimists haveplenty to be happy about. In other words, if you can convince yourself that thingswill get better, the odds of it happening will improve - because you keep onplaying the game. In this light, optimism "is a habitual way of explainingyour setbacks to yourself', reports Martin Seligman, the psychology professorand author of Learned Optimism. The research shows that when times get tough,optimists do better than pessimists - they succeed better at work, respondbetter to stress, suffer fewer depressive episodes and achieve more personalgoals.
C
Studies also showthat belief can help with the financial pinch. Chad Wallens, a socialforecaster at the Henley Centre who surveyed middle-class Britons’ beliefsabout income, has found that “he people who feel wealthiest, and those whofeel poorest, actually have almost the same amount of money at their disposal.Their attitudes and behaviour patterns, however, are different from oneanother.”
D
Optimists havesomething else to be cheerful about – in general, they are more robust. Forexample, a study of 660 volunteers by the Yale University psychologistDr Becca Levy, found that thinking positively adds an average of 7 years toyour life. Other American research claims to have identified a physicalmechanism behind this. A Harvard Medical School study of 670 men found that theoptimists have significantly better lung function. The lead author, Dr RosalindWright, believes that attitude somehow strengthens the immune system."Preliminary studies on heart patients suggest that, by changing aperson's outlook, you can improve their mortality risk," she says. E
Few studies havetried to ascertain the proportion of optimists in the world. But a 1995nationwide survey conducted for the American magazine Adweek found that abouthalf the population counted themselves as optimists, with women slightly moreapt than men (53 per cent versus 48 per cent) to see the sunny side.
F
Although someoptimists may be accurate in their positive beliefs about the future, othersmay be unrealistic-their optimism is misplaced, according to AmericanPsychological Association. Research shows that some smokers exhibit unrealisticoptimism by underestimating their relative chances of experiencing disease. Animportant question is whether such unrealistic optimism is associated withrisk-related attitudes and behavior. We addressed this question byinvestigating if one's perceived risk of developing lung cancer, over and aboveone's objective risk, predicted acceptance of myths and other beliefs aboutsmoking. Hierarchical regressions showed that those individuals who wereunrealistically optimistic were more likely to endorse beliefs that there is norisk of lung cancer if one only smokes for a few years and that getting lungcancer depends on one's genes.
G
Of course, thereis no guarantee that optimism will insulate you from the crunch's worsteffects, but the best strategy is still to keep smiling and thank your luckystars. Because (as every good sports coach knows) adversity ischaracter-forming-so long as you practise the skills of resilience. Researchamong tycoons and business leaders shows that the path to success is oftenlittered with failure: a record of sackings, bankruptcies and blisteringcastigations. But instead of curling into a foetal ball beneath the coffeetable, they resiliency pick themselves up, learn from their pratfalls and marchboldly towards the next opportunity.
H
The AmericanPsychological Association defines resilience as the ability to adapt in theface of adversity, trauma or tragedy. A resilient person may go throughdifficulty and uncertainty, but he or she will doggedly bounce back.
I
Optimism is one ofthe central traits required in building resilience, say Yale Universityinvestigators in the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. They add thatresilient people learn to hold on to their sense of humour and this can helpthem to keep a flexible attitude when big changes of plan arc warranted. Theability to accept your lot with equanimity also plays an important role, thestudy adds.
J
One of the bestways to acquire resilience is through experiencing a difficult childhood, thesociologist Steven Stack reports in the Journal of Social Psychology. Forexample, short men are less likely to commit suicide than tall guys, he says,because shorties develop psychological defense skills to handle the bullies andmickey-taking that their lack of stature attracts. By contrast, those whoenjoyed adversity-free youths can get derailed by setbacks later on becausethey've never been inoculated against agro.
K
Learning toovercome your fears. If you are handicapped by having had a happy childhood,then practising proactive optimism can help you to become more resilient.Studies of resilient people show that they take more risks; they court failureand learn not to fear it. And despite being thick-skinned, resilient types arealso more open than average to other people. Bouncing through knock backs isall part of the process. It's about optimistic risk-taking - being confidentthat people will like you. Simply smiling and being warm to people can help.It's an altruistic path to self-interest - and if it achieves nothing else, itwill reinforce an age-old adage: hard times can bring out the best in you.
Questions 14-18
Summary
Complete thefollowing summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage.
Using no more thanTWO words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes14-18 on your answer sheet.
Optimists generallyare more robust. Yale University psychologist Dr Becca Levy found that anextension of around 14 to your life will be achieved by positive attitudetoward life. A Harvard Medical School conduct a research which study of 15 malevolunteers found that the optimists have remarkably better 16 And Dr RosalindWright believes optimistic life may enhance the 17 some initiative studies on18 indicate that people can improve their mortality risk by changing into apositive outlook.
Questions 19-23
Use the information inthe passage to match the people or organization (listed A-E) with opinions ordeeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 19-23 on your answersheet. A Brice Pitt
B AmericanPsychological Association
C Martin Seligman
D Chad Wallens ofHenley Centre
E Annual Review ofClinical Psychology
F Steven Stack
G American magazineAdweek
19 Differentoptimism result found according to gender.
20 There is nonecessary relationship between happiness and money.
21 Excessiveoptimism may be incorrect in everyday life.
22 Optimists isadvantageous for human evolution.
23 Occurrence ofemergency assists resilient people in a positive way.
Questions 24-27
Do the followingstatements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 24-27 onyour answer sheet, write
YES if thestatement is true
NO if the statementis false
NOT GIVEN if theinformation is not given in the passage
24 The link betweenlongevity and optimism has been known.
25 Optimists have betterpersonal relationship than those pessimists.
26 People who had ahappy childhood do not need to practise optimism.
27 Experience ofdifficulties will eventually help people accumulate the fortune.
题目解析
14Robust, Yale,Becca LevyD段第二句话首先根据空格前的around判断出该空所填词性是名词。由第一句中的robust定位到D段，根据人名定位到第二句，找到文中和空格前后的对应词add = extension, around=average, to yourlife= to your life, 锁定答案为 7 years.
15Harvard, MedicalSchoolD段第三句话该空前的介词of表明要填的词性为名词。根据大写的 Harvard, Medical School定位到第三句话，对应词studyof = study of, men=male, 锁定答案为 670.
16Harvard, MedicalSchoolD段第三句话和上面15题在同一句中，对应词 have significantly better = have remarkablybetter, 答案立即锁定为lung function.
17Rosalind WrightD段第四句话该空前的定冠词the表明要填名词。根据人名定位到第四句，对应词 enhance = strengthen, 锁定答案为 immunesystem.
18引号D段第五句话首先该空前的介词on表明要填名词，根据引号定位到最后第五句，对应preliminary study on = initiative study on ,锁定答案为heart patients, 注意不要漏写复数s.
Question 19-23
题目类型：搭配题
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
19GenderE段第二句该句中扫描到大写American magazine Adweek, 对应选项G
20MoneyC 段第二句该句中扫描到大写Chad Wallens of Henley Centre, 对应选项D
21ExcessiveoptimismF 段第一句该句中扫描到大写American Psychological Association , 对应选项B
22Human evolution A段第三句该句中扫描到大写Brice Pitt , 对应选项A
23Emergency, resilientI段第一句该句中扫描到大写Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 对应选项E
注：因为这题型是乱序题，在实际做题时，应先在文中scan并勾圈出A-G选项中的大写人名或机构名，同时根据所勾圈的句子的关键信息点找对应的19-23的题号。
Question 24-27
题目类型：判断题
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
24LongevityB段第一句话题目中的longevity和原文中的thelong life对应， have been known 和文中的 it has been known that对应，the link 和文中的havesomething to do with 对应，所以该题同义改写乐原文的句子，为YES。
25Personalrelationship, pessimistic无D段中虽然有better比较级,但比较的是身体健康状况，题目中的personal relationship在文中未提及，所以为NOTGIVEN.
26Happy childhoodK 段第二句话该句话主句中的the practicing optimism can help表明童年幸福的人也是需要乐观的，和题目中表达的意思完全相反，所以为NO
27FortuneK 段最后一句话文中最后一句提到的谚语：历经磨难会终得天日。和题目中的will eventually help to accumulate fortune的意思相同.所以为YES.
答案：
回忆6：
阅读
Company Innovation（公司创新）
原文：
A
In a scruffy office in midtown Manhattan, a team of 30artificial-intelligence programmers is trying to simulate the brains of aneminent sexologist, a well-known dietician, a celebrity fitness trainer andseveral other experts. Umagic Systems is a young firm, setting up websites thatwill allow clients to consult the virtual versions of these personalities.Subscribers will feed in details about themselves and their goals; Umagic’s software will comeup with the advice that the star expert would give. Although few people havelost money betting on the neuroses of the American consumer, Umagic’s prospects are hardto gauge (in ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your sex life might seem natural, orit might seem absurd). But the company and others like it are beginning tospook large American firms, because they see such half-barmy “innovative” ideas as the key totheir own future success.
B
Innovation has become the buzz-word of Americanmanagement. Firms have found that most of the things that can be outsourced orre-engineered have been (worryingly, by their competitors as well). The starsof American business tend today to be innovators such as Dell, Amazon andWal-Mart, which have produced ideas or products that have changed theirindustries.
C
A new book by two consultants from Arthur D. Littlerecords that, over the past 15 years, the top 20% of firms in an annualinnovation poll by Fortune magazine have achieved double the shareholderreturns of their peers. Much of today’s merger boom is driven by a desperate search fornew ideas. So is the fortune now spent on licensing and buying others’ intellectualproperty. According to the Pasadena-based Patent & Licence Exchange,trading in intangible assets in the United States has risen from $15 billion in1990 to $100 billion in 1998, with an increasing proportion of the rewardsgoing to small firms and individuals.
D
And therein lies the terror for big companies: thatinnovation seems to work best outside them. Several big established “ideas factories”, including 3M,Procter & Gamble and Rubbermaid, have had dry spells recently. Gillettespent ten years and $1 billion developing its new Mach 3 razor; it took aBritish supermarket only a year or so to produce a reasonable imitation. “In the management ofcreativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chernin, who runs the Fox TV and film empire for NewsCorporation. One person managing 20 movies is never going to be as involved asone doing five movies. He has thus tried to break down the studio into smallerunits—— even atthe risk of incurring higher costs.
E
It is easier for ideas to thrive outside big firmsthese days. In the past, if a clever scientist had an idea he wanted tocommercialise, he would take it first to a big company. Now, with plenty ofcheap venture capital, he is more likely to set up on his own. Umagic hasalready raised $5m and is about to raise $25m more. Even in capital-intensivebusinesses such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stageresearch, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, riskyclinical trials.Around a third of drug firms’ total revenue now comes from licensed-intechnology.
F
Some giants, including General Electric and Cisco,have been remarkably successful at snapping up and integrating scores of smallcompanies. But many others worry about the prices they have to pay and thedifficulty in hanging on to the talent that dreamed up the idea. Everybodywould like to develop more ideas in-house. Procter & Gamble is now shiftingits entire business focus from countries to products; one aim is to getinnovations accepted across the company. Elsewhere, the search for innovationhas led to a craze for“intrapreneurship”— devolving power and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking stocksso that talented staff will not leave.
G
Some people think that such restructuring is notenough. In a new book Clayton Christensen argues that many things whichestablished firms do well, such as looking after their current customers, canhinder the sort of innovative behaviour needed to deal with disruptivetechnologies. Hence the fashion for cannibalization setting up businesses thatwill actually fight your existing ones. Bank One, for instance, has establishedWingspan, an Internet bank that competes with its real branches (see article).Jack Welch’sInternet initiative at General Electric is called “Destroyyourbusiness.com”.
H
Nobody could doubt that innovation matters. But needlarge firms be quite so pessimistic? A recent survey of the top 50 innovationsin America, by Industry Week, a journal, suggested that ideas are as likely tocome from big firms as from small ones. Another sceptical note is sounded byAmar Bhide, a colleague of Mr Christensen’s at the Harvard Business School and the author ofanother book on entrepreneur ship. Rather than having to reinvent themselves,big
companies, he believes, should concentrate on projectswith high costs and low uncertainty, leaving those with low costs and highuncertainty to small entrepreneurs. As ideas mature and the risks and rewardsbecome more quantifiable, big companies can adopt them.
I
At Kimberly-Clark, Mr Sanders had to discredit theview that jobs working on new products were for “those who couldn’t hack it in the real business.” He has tried tochange the culture not just by preaching fuzzy concepts but also by introducinghard incentives, such as increasing the rewards for those who come up withsuccessful new ideas and, particularly, not punishing those whose
experiments fail. The genesis of one of the firm’s current hits,Depend, a more dignified incontinence garment, lay in a previous miss, KotexPersonals, a form of disposable underwear for menstruating women.
J
Will all this creative destruction, cannibalizationand culture tweaking make big firms more creative? David Post, the founder ofUmagic, is sceptical: “The only successful intrapreneurs are ones who leave and becomeentrepreneurs.” He alsorecalls with glee the looks of total incomprehension when he tried to hawk his “virtual experts” idea three yearsago to the idea labs of firms such as IBM—though, as he cheerfully adds, “of course, theycould have been right.” Innovation— unlike, apparently, sex, parenting and fitness—is one area where acomputer cannot tell you what to do.
Questions & Answers 28-33
28. F 【原文参考依据--F段末句】Elsewhere, thesearch for innovation has led to a craze for “intrapreneurship” -- devolvingpower and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking stocks so thattalented staff will not leave.
29. C 【原文参考依据--C段第四行】
So is the fortune now spent on licensing and buyingothers’intellectual property.
30. G【原文参考依据--G段第四行】
Hence the fashion for cannibalisation - setting upbusinesses that will actually fight your existing ones. 题干的意思是“将外部公司整合起来也许会带来反效果”，原文的意思是“由于‘同类相食’，新成立的企业很可能会与现有的企业产生冲突”。
31. B
【原文参考依据--B段第三行】
The stars of American business tend today to beinnovators such as Dell, Amazon and Wal-Mart, which have produced ideas orproducts that have changed their industries.
32.待提供
【原文参考依据--F段第六行】
Procter & Gamble is now shifting its entirebusiness focus from countries to products
33. E
【原文参考依据--E段第四行】
Even in capital-intensive businesses such aspharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stage research, selling out tothe big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials. Around a thirdof drug firms’ totalrevenue now comes from licensed-in technology. 一些资本密集的商业，如制药公司，在遇到昂贵、危险的临床试验时，可以将早期的实验成果卖给大公司来度过危机
34-37 判断
34. Not Given
【原文参考依据--A段第五行】
Umagic Systems is a young firm, setting up websitesthat will allow clients to consult the virtual versions of thesepersonalities. 原文只说Umagic是一个新兴成立的年轻公司，并未表示是最成功的典范。
35. Not Given 【原文参考依据--无】原文未出现相应内容。
36. False
【原文参考依据--E段第一行】
In the past, if a clever scientist had an idea hewanted to commercialise, he would take it first to a big company. 原文是说大公司，而题干则表达是小公司，意思相反。
37. True
【原文参考依据--J段第四行】
......he tried to hawk his “virtual experts” idea three yearsago to the idea labs of firms such as IBM--though, as he cheerfully adds, “of course, theycould have been right.” Innovation -- unlike, apparently, sex, parenting and fitness -- is onearea where a computer cannot tell you what to do. 这里题干的“fail to understand”替代了原文的“cannot tell”。
38-40 选择题
38. C
【原文参考依据--C段首句】
A new book by two consultants from Arthur D. Littlerecords that, over the past 15 years, the top 20% of firms in anannualinnovation poll by Fortune magazine have achieved double the shareholderreturns of their peers. 过去15年中，《财富》杂志的年度革新民意投票中，前20%的公司与同行相比，获得了双倍的投资回报。由此可以看出，公司革新显得愈加重要。而A、B、D答案文中未提及。
39. A
【原文参考依据--D段倒五行】
“In themanagement of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chernin......此处“creativity(创造力)”=“innovation(革新，创新)”。而B答案，原文并未指出电影产业更加需要革新;C、D答案则并未提及。
40. D
【原文参考依据--J段末句】
Innovation -- unlike, apparently, sex, parenting andfitness -- is one area where a computer cannot tell you what to do.
答案：
1.F 2.C 3.G 4.B 5.F 6.E
7.NOT GIVEN 8.NOT GIVEN 9.FALSE
10.TRUE 11.C 12.A 13.D
回忆7：
回忆8：
回忆9：
回忆10：
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