P1: People have speculated their creativity for centuries. Initially they link creative activities have a connection with intelligence. This has lured many research studies.
P2: In the early 1970s, creativity was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creativity skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear that the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above. While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity.
P3: Because of the difficulty of studying the actual process, most early attempts to study creativity concentrated on personality. According to creativity specialist Mark Runco, the‘creative personality’ tends to place a high value on aesthetic qualities and to have broad interests, providing lots of resources to draw on and knowledge to recombine into novel solutions, Creative people have an attraction to complexity and an ability to handle conflict. They are also usually highly self-motivated, perhaps even a little obsessive, when it comes to chase after their ambitions.
P4: But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. A link has been made between creativity and mental illness. Psychiatrist Kay Redfield, who herself has suffered from bipolar disorder, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself.
P5: Jordan Peterson, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, says that the brains of creative people seem more open to incoming stimuli than less creative types.
P6: One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was by Colin Martindale, Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record the pattern of brain waves when people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration, eachcharacterized by very different states of mind. He founds that while people were dreaming up their stories, their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal: a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making connections behind the scenes. It’s the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, in the story-telling stage, the alpha wave dropped off and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal. Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storyline.
P7: Guy Claxton said ‘it is like a less creative person cannot shift gear, creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuitively.’ Creativity is about mental flexibility: perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states.
P8: Creativity also has a clear link with social interaction. Vera John-Steiner says that to be really creative you need strong social networks and trusting relationships, not just active neural networks. One vital characteristic of highly creative person is that they have at least one other person in their life that doesn’t think they are completely nuts.
Questions & Answers
Questions 27-32 Match the name with the opinions
List of People
A. Paul Torrance
B. Mark Runco
C. Kay Redfield
D. Jordan Peterson
E. Guy Claxton
F. Vera John-Steiner
27. Creative people have the ability to work with numerous data at the same time. D （第五段说有创造力的人可以同时接受很多数据）
28. Creative people have the ability to let their different brain parts to work together. E （第七段说有创造力的人可以同时调动大脑的两个states）
29. Creative people may suffer from mental disorder. C （第四段这个人就有暴躁症，后面也提到艺术家通常有精神不正常的症状。）
30. Creative peoples’ IQ ability is on average or above. A （第二段通过测试判断有创造力的人的IQ测试只在平均或以上水平）
31. Creative people participate in social interaction. F （最后一段这个人提到了有创造力的人是有朋友的）
32. Creative people persist to achieve their dreams. B （第三段中提到有创造力的人对他们的理想通常都比较执着）
Questions 33-36 Choose No More than Two Words for each answer
But what of the creative act itself? In 1978, Colin Martindale made records of the pattern of brain waves as people made up stories by applying a system constituted of many 33.scalp electrodes. The two phases of creativity, such as 34. inspiration and elaboration were found. However, experiment proved the signal of 35. alpha wave activity went down and the brain became busier revealing increased cortical arousal, when these people who were in the laidback state were required to produce their stories. Strikingly, it was found that person who was perceived to have the greatest 36. difference in brain activity between the 2 stages, produced storylines with highest level of creativity.
Questions 37-40 True of False or Not Given
37. High IQ guarantees better creative ability in one person that who achieves an average score in an IQ test. False （第二段说有创造力的人的IQ测试只是平均或者以上的水平，但是创造力高的跟IQ没有关系，跟displine有关系）
38. Creative people have disadvantages. True （第四段说有创造力的人会有mental disorder）
39. A creative person does not necessarily suffer more mental illness. True （第四段说有的人可以把不同的精神状态转化为触发创造力的动力）
40. The current society put more emphasis on individuals’’ language proficiency. Not Given
|Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|雅思托福英语全球网
( 闽ICP备14014910号 )
|
闽公网安备 35020302034732号
发表于 2019-12-2 14:59:44
QQ好友和群
QQ空间
腾讯微博
腾讯朋友
收藏