2017年11月18日托福听说读写真题答案回忆蹲点汇总+解析
回忆1:
阅读
1.格林兰岛D文化的起源
先是由于气候变冷,一部分人迁走了,另一部分留下来的人创立了文明。这些人发明了工具来面对寒冷气候,后来气候变暖了,另一部落的人迁移过来消灭了这个文明
2.一种海星
珊瑚没了和一种A海星的数量猛增有关系,大篇幅说导致猛增的原因(环境+人)
3.shedding剪枝的意义
一个是因为有些枝消耗掉碳物质比生产的多,另一个是有时候气候很干,减少耗水。
4.森林减少对环境影响
5.古埃及金字塔那些法老,对各个法老的记录来研究埃及历史
6.恐龙的讨论,通过比较两种en和ec的差别来判断研究恐龙,比如是否冷血动物,或者骨头是否有骨纹
7.夏威夷的动物和植物是怎么来到这的。
8.北极圈的居民
9.农业变迁
10.植物的自我保护机制
11.昆虫的一种群居行为
12.密西根和埃及的乡村建设,一个分布均匀,一个分布紧密
回忆2:
听力
Conversation
1.男生丢了图证,但是要去图书馆借书,老师给了很多建议
2.生物学的女生找老师讨论和他专业相关的一个活动。是去和当地居民一起种菜,学生困惑感觉和自己专业没有关系,老师给他解答
3.男生去找老师聊自己想减少两个课,因为选了四个课,四个课都要交paper,他超负荷了。
4.学生去观摩一个数学课,他发现老师会根据不同学生采取不同教学方法,并且会引导学生自己解决问题,或者找其他同学帮助,学生觉得这种课堂很好
5.学生研究法国健康系统,但是导师走了,要换导师
Lecture
1.天文学
星系有螺旋星系(spiral galaxy)和椭圆星系(elliptical galaxy),一个东西原来观察是螺旋星系,后来用了红外望远镜发现更像是椭圆星系,然后说一开始认为是椭圆星系形成了螺旋星系,后来说其实不是这样。
2.音乐
讲了两个人不同的观点,一个是有很多不协调(inconsonant),然后其实这个不重要,音乐的主题(text)更重要
3.地理隔离
说一般物种很多是因为有地理隔离,但是亚马孙平原没有隔离,但还是很多物种,后来提出来一个理论,是因为亚马孙河。最后教授反驳了这个理论。
4.历史和科技的关系
两种理论一种叫hard technology determination
一种是soft technology determination
第一种乐观,第二种悲观,最后教授提了自己的看法
5.政府
两个法律如何在同一个地方适用,联邦法和州法,用了开发能源的例子。在美国开发海岸能源发电要经过州法和联邦法的同意,所以很繁琐,就会延迟,导致没人投资。英国同样的问题,有自己的规律,联邦和州合作审批,所以快。 然后又说了美国一个州也是差不多这样,最终说要联邦和州合作。
6.天文
讲了影响天文台地址的因素,比如和人群的距离,灰尘,晚上可见度等等。然后一些经济现实因素会影响,在这例子里是没有水,于是它们用了装置收集水解决问题 最后讲了附近城市变大有影响,政府采取了措施减少影响。
7.女生问古典乐器为啥没有变化
然后教授解释没有变化是因为人们抗拒变化,然后自己年轻人学习是通过向老人学习的不创新,后面讲了存在一些创新。
8.艺术
澳大利亚人的艺术创作很特殊,他来自澳洲本土但是作品融合欧洲文化
9.海洋生物的研究
10.中国茶对英国的影响
回忆3:
口语
Task 1
图书馆的三个工作你想干啥:
1、读书给小朋友
2、帮别人找书
3、归置书
Task2
学校要开始film class然后转天release到web上,你同意么?为啥
Task3
学校要取消爵士乐团,原因:
a.没有足够的学生
b.学校另外开了一个choir
女生反对:
a.不是兴趣下降而是因为一周三次太多了,减少为一周一次就没问题了;
b.choir是古典音乐而不是爵士乐,对古典乐不感兴趣
Task4
植物驯化(plant domestication)
一种植物,这种植物一开始发苦(bitter)而且有毒,人们不吃;后来发现它没有某种化学物质后就变甜了,人们开始种。
Task5
女生受伤了,有两种选择
1.住家里(有独立的房间,但是远还得倒车)
2.住朋友在学校的公寓(得睡客厅)
Task6
优惠券的两个缺点:
(1)顾客只是暂时的比如家住乡下客户会为优惠券来超市消费但没有优惠他们就不会一直来
(2)大量的客户但没有导致服务跟不上,顾客体验不好,会和朋友说别来
回忆4:
独立写作
The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation's government to take to protect the environment.
1. Fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and wind energy.
2. Preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.
3. Enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.
综合写作
Ninth Leigh消失的原因
阅读:
有三种理论:
1.消失在Scotland,当时苏格兰有叛乱(rebellion),the Ninth Legion被派去镇压,结果在战役中被消灭.
2.消失在Netherlands。因考古学家在Netherlands发现了一种特殊的roof tile,能推测是士兵给修理的。
3.消失在Judea,Roman governor派 the Ninth Legion去Judea征战,他们在路上或在战役中被消灭(wipedout)。
听力:
1.如第九军团是在如今的Scotland平定叛乱的战役中消失的,那得是场巨大的战役. 如真在苏格兰被灭了,那么战场遗址一定能找到属于第九军团的残害设备仍然存在,但事实是没有武器碎片或者遗迹
2.Netherlands的roof tile推测不靠谱,做这种rooftile要用窑(kiln) ,但荷兰找不到kiln的存在,所以在那边建造或是修理rooftile证据不足。教授又说,其实这种roof tile在别的地方也能做,比如Britain就可以。那就可能在Britain做好了tile后运到荷兰。既然是运,那什么人都能运,不一定是soldiers.
3消失在Judea也不合理,因为把第九军团派到Judea去效率不高、地理上,the Ninth Legion处于大陆的west edge,而Judea在east edge,两者之间有其他的军团,要派也是派其他军团去。
回忆5:
综合写作解析[2015-10-11真题]
阅读主要观点提取
总论点:公元108年前,罗马第九军队的总部都在英国。但在公元108年前,就再也没有过第九军队的记录。阅读中提出了三个第九军队到底发生了什么的猜测。
猜测一:第九军队在苏格兰被打败。大约在罗马军团从历史中消失的时候,苏格兰发生了一场反对罗马统治的叛乱。罗马的国王派第九军团去对抗叛乱。因此,第九军队很有可能在战争全军覆没了。
猜测二:第九军队消失在今天的新西兰。人们在一个堡垒屋顶的瓦片上发现了第九军队标志,但是在公元108年,这个瓦片被叛军破坏了。因此,第九军队很有可能被命令去与叛军对抗。最终,军团损失惨重,并且选择解散军队。
猜测三:第九军队在犹太被消灭。来自英国的罗马统治者带着第九军队去犹太镇压叛乱。军队可能在路上就全体死亡了,或者是在战争中全军覆没了。
听力主要观点提取
总论点:阅读中的猜测都是不对的。
解释一:第九军队并没有留下任何的武器装备的考古证据。第九军队作为最大的军队之一,如果想将它彻底消灭,是需要一场巨大的战役的。在苏格兰叛军和其他罗马军队打仗之后,他们都留下了破损的武器的残骸。但是在苏格兰叛军和第九军队打仗之后,并没有留下这些证据。
解释二:带有第九军队标志的砖瓦可能是从英国被带到新西兰的。人们并没有在堡垒的附近发现筑瓦的窑,这说明砖瓦并不是生产于新西兰。事实上,砖瓦是生产于英国的,所以任何人都可以从英国将瓦片带到新西兰,并不一定是第九军队。
解释三:带第九军对去犹太对抗叛军并不是最佳选择。英国位于罗马的最西边,然而犹太位于最东边,统治者可以选择驻扎在里犹太附近的军队来对抗叛军。
独立写作范文[2016-06-25真题]
Taking a panoramic view of human history, we can readily find that the natural environment plays an enormously important role in determining the future of each and every country. Given the great significance of clean environment, the general public as well as the governors begin to wonder which is the most essential action to protect the environment, among funding new energy research, preserving natural habitat or enacting strict laws. Towards such a long-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to argue that national governments should invest financial support in developing new energy sources.
Initially, spending more money in discovering new energy can radically solve the various environmental problems. As is common sense, the deteriorating environment is the result of the overexploitation of fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas. To be specific, numerous chemical plants usually burn the coal to provide power for manufacturing all kinds of goods designed to satisfy the basic needs of the general public. As a result, a large amounts of industrial wastes are discharged to take a toll on the natural environment. Also, an increasing number of petrol-powered automobiles will definitely emit car exhaust (e.g. fumes and toxic gas), which can increase the likelihood of the public suffering from respiratory diseases. All the above problems related to environment can be resolved by find new and clean energy like solar energy, wind power and tidal power. Undoubtedly, replacing the traditional energy with the new ones can dramatically decrease the pollution and contamination, thus leading to a better living environment. For example, once the cars use the electricity instead of petrol, the air quality will improve to a large extent.
Secondly, there are conspicuous limitation of the other two options. As for preserving natural places, the effect of this practice is relatively restricted. To illustrate, the traditional energy sources are usually exploited and discovered in the natural places. Consequently, the preservation of natural places will hinder the access to various energy and thus impede the progress of the whole society. Also, the same logic applies to passing laws to reduce pollution. It is an indisputable fact that across the globe, many countries now are heavily dependent on the industries and factories which produce pollutions. In other words, once the law of punishing these companies is enforced, these corporations may have to cut down their output and make less profits, even ending up going bankrupt. Accordingly, the national economy and the living standard of the public will suffer too.
Factoring what has been discussed above, we can conclude that funding research of environmental friendly energy will be more preferable, because finding proper alternative energy is the key to solving the environmental problems comprehensively.
回忆6:
一篇阅读的详细分析[2016-09-25真题]
A卷有一篇阅读,Changes in the Amount of Forest on the Great Plains(大平原上的森林覆盖量变化),重复的是2016-09-25大陆考题。
看到标题,首先思考大平原上的森林发生怎样的变化,变多还是变少?原因是什么?推动自己进入文章寻找答案。
读完首段发现,在上次冰河世纪结束时,由于气候变得温暖干旱,原来存在于大平原地区的针叶森林逐渐消退,被草原取代。结果树木只能局限在一些山脊顶峰。树木局限于此的原因是,一方面山顶气候凉爽并且接收到更多的雨雪降水(precipitation),另一方面,山顶远离大平原地区的草原,避免了草原上火灾的影响,是天然的防火地带(natural firebreak)。
火灾对于树木的影响远远大于草原(此处有对比比较型的因果解释,在此不详细展开)。火灾易于出现于大平原草原的原因有:草是天然的引火材料,闪电点火和人类刀耕火种农业的开始。具有讽刺意味的是,人类的刀耕火种,一方面增加了火灾的爆发,抑制了树木向大平原草原地区的回归,而只能存活于高海拔的山峰之上,但另一方面,随着人类农业的扩张,过度放牧,使草原消失,也使天然存在的引火材料(tinder)干草也一同消失了,进而减少了大火灾爆发的可能,因此在农业社会后期,森林又得以回归到大平原地区。
全文结构特点
整篇文章按照大平原地区森林的减少而后又增多的因果分析型结构展开,内部又镶嵌着许多对比比较(高海拔山脊vs.低海拔平原的环境特点比较;森林vs.草原的特性比较;刀耕火种农业前期vs.后期的比较)。因果关系和比较一贯是考点,需要额外关注。
语言特点
1. 词汇量大,用语地道灵活
考句1
Not only do they produce a tinder-dry thatch of dead foliage that lights with the slightest spark, but they are equipped to rise from their own ashes.
解析:短短一句话中充斥着大量生词和表达。“tinder-dry thatch”指干燥的可引火的茅草;“rise from their own ashes”指死灰复燃。此外,从句式上看,这句话是常见的否定词前置引发的倒装(not only do…)。
考句2
The buds, or meristems, from which they put forth new growth, are tucked down at the surface of the ground, where they are protected from serious harm.
解析:对主语专业词汇bud的解释也是专业词汇meristems(分生组织);并且谓语动词tucked down的理解,影响了整句话的意思。此外,从句式上看,这句话中包含了托福最常见的考点:“prep.+which…”引出整句话后置修饰名词,which即等于被修饰的名词(buds)。
考句3
By the time the transformation was over, coniferous forests could be found in the central United States only on the crowns of the tallest breaks and ridges.
解析:句尾“the crowns of the tallest breaks and ridges”指“最高山裂山脊的顶部”。
2. 句式多变,并具有文学表现力
考句1
On the tall-grass prairies, in particular, where catastrophic droughts were relatively infrequent, trees and shrubs might have taken over completely if it had not been for the erratic but inevitable return of lightning.
解析:此句是if引导的虚拟语气(if it had not been for…),真实情况与句子表面意思相反(树木仍然不能取代草原)。另外,词汇量大、用语灵活的现象仍然凸显,如“erratic,inevitable,take over”。
考句2
But no sooner were the trees established than some random bolt of lightning would set the prairies aflame, killing the shrubs and most trees except in the humid streambeds and river valleys.
解析:否定词放在句子开头引发的倒装,正常语序为But the trees were established no sooner than some random bolt of lightning…。表示树木还没有站稳脚跟,随机而来的道道闪电就又引发大火将它们付诸一炬。“sth./sb. be established”表示站稳脚跟的意思,是对树木的一种拟人的用法。
考句3
Where better to find refuge than atop a natural firebreak?
解析:首先扫清词汇的问题。refuge避难所,atop在…上方,firebreak防火带。然后如果照字面意思理解就是:哪里能找到一个比“在天然防火带上方”更好的避难所?但要注意,这句话不是真的在问“到哪里去找”,而是一个反问句,答案就在其中,即没有哪个地方比“在天然防火带上方”更好,能够成为躲避火灾的地方。
考题1 句子简化题
If a branch is not producing enough carbohydrate to cover its own running costs—i.e., it needs to be subsidized by other branches because, for example, it is being shaded and receives little light—it will usually be got rid of.
选项
A tree will usually shed branches that use more carbohydrate than they produce.
Branches that are shaded usually do not receive enough light to produce all the carbohydrate they need.
If a tree gets rid of a branch, it is usually because other branches lack enough carbohydrate to subsidize it.
If a branch is shaded and cannot produce as much carbohydrate as it needs, it will usually be subsidized by other branches.
解析:正确答案为A。
原句主干是“If a branch is…, it will usually be got rid of”,即如果一个树杈怎样,这个树杈就会被清除掉。
BCD全部偏离句子主干。具体分析,B选项根本未提及树杈将被清除;C选项if的连接对象错误,且后半句说其他的树杈缺少足够碳水化合物(lack),语义错误;最大干扰项D,虽然基本保留了原句句式,但后半句“it will usually be subsidized by other branches”并非原句主干的条件结果所在。
回忆7:
阅读词汇题
Dorset Culture
allowed for = made possible
harsh = severe
duration of sea ice = length of time the ice lasts
annihilated = destroyed
Preventing Overgrowth among Tree Branches
exposed = unprotected
with no warning = without any indication beforehand
congestion = overcrowding
Crown of Thorns Starfish and Coral Reefs
outbreak = sudden increase
accompany = occur along with
converge = come together
severity = seriousness
Changes in the Amount of Forest on the Great Plains
dense = thick
eased into = slowly entered
retain = keep
inevitable = certain
Early Modern Industrialization
determinants = causes
hastened = rushed
diffusion = dispersal
perfected = completed
Birds and Food Shortage
duration of = length of
enables = allows
in some degree = To a certain extent
How Plants and Animals Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands
Obvious = clear
Adjacent to = next to
Widespread = common
Dense = thick
回忆8:
阅读
1.格林兰岛D文化的起源
先是由于气候变冷,一部分人迁走了,另一部分留下来的人创立了文明。这些人发明了工具来面对寒冷气候,后来气候变暖了,另一部落的人迁移过来消灭了这个文明
2.一种海星
珊瑚没了和一种A海星的数量猛增有关系,大篇幅说导致猛增的原因(环境+人),但都不能被证实。
3.shedding剪枝的意义(听说这篇很难哦)
一个是因为有些枝消耗掉碳物质比生产的多,另一个是有时候气候很干,减少耗水。
4.森林减少对环境影响
5.古埃及金字塔那些法老,对各个法老的记录来研究埃及历史
6.恐龙的讨论,通过比较两种en和ec的差别来判断研究恐龙,比如是否冷血动物,或者骨头是否有骨纹
7.夏威夷的动物和植物是怎么来到这的。
8.北极圈的居民
北极的住民原来被认为是从加拿大迁徙过去的,但是后来发现说他们其实起源就在北极,有的迁徙到加拿大有的留在了那里,并拥有了抗冻的能力。他们有冰刀之类的工具和冰房子,这些原住民因为气候而导致的动物稀少所以需要去海边捕捞食物。有几个原因在当时影响了原住民,一个是气温升高后迫使他们要改变一些捕鱼方式;还有就是爱斯基摩人移民进来,他们有更为发达的捕鱼业所以人数暴增,不过没有证据证明他们和原住民有战争,然后他们可能和原住民有接触,因为他们的工具和房屋都是一样的。
9.农业变迁
10.植物的自我保护机制,shading,把一些枝条脱掉,一个额原因是有限枝消耗谈物质比生产的多,另一原因是有时候很干,消耗水。
11.昆虫的一种群居行为
12.密西根和埃及的乡村建设,一个分布均匀,一个分布紧密
回忆9:
听力
Conversation
1.男生丢了图书证,但是要去图书馆借书,老师给了很多建议。
2.生物学的女生找老师讨论和他专业相关的一个活动。是去和当地居民一起种菜,学生困惑感觉和自己专业没有关系,老师给他解答
3.男生去找顾问聊自己想减少两个课,因为选了四个课,四个课都要交paper,他超负荷了。然后他选了一个拉丁语因为自己的朋友也在学,还有预备微积分,顾问告诉他要求三年的高中数学和学校的入门测试。学生表示自己达到标准并且对数学很自信,下周都参加入门测试。
4.学生去观摩一个数学课,他发现老师会根据不同学生采取不同教学方法,并且会引导学生自己解决问题,或者找其他同学帮助,学生觉得这种课堂很好
5.学生研究法国健康系统,但是导师走了,要换导师
6.一个人想要开车去学校,但是学校不允许。然后他们讨论可替代的方案:先坐bus然后再用van service
7.自己写论文,关于最近读的一本书,来跟教授讨论这本书的内容,trust。然后具体讨论里面的内容和论文的关系。
Lecture
1.天文学
星系有螺旋星系(spiral galaxy)和椭圆星系(elliptical galaxy),一个东西原来观察是螺旋星系,后来用了红外望远镜发现更像是椭圆星系,然后说一开始认为是椭圆星系形成了螺旋星系,后来说其实不是这样。
2.音乐
讲了两个人不同的观点,一个是有很多不协调(inconsonant),然后其实这个不重要,音乐的主题(text)更重要
3.地理隔离
说一般物种很多是因为有地理隔离,但是亚马孙平原没有隔离,但还是很多物种,后来提出来一个理论,是因为亚马孙河。最后教授反驳了这个理论。
4.历史和科技的关系
两种理论一种叫hard technology determination
一种是soft technology determination;
第一种乐观,第二种悲观,最后教授提了自己的看法
5.政府
两个法律如何在同一个地方适用,联邦法和州法,用了开发能源的例子。在美国开发海岸能源发电要经过州法和联邦法的同意,所以很繁琐,就会延迟,导致没人投资。英国同样的问题,有自己的规律,联邦和州合作审批,所以快。 然后又说了美国一个州也是差不多这样,最终说要联邦和州合作。
6.天文
讲了影响天文台地址的因素,比如和人群的距离,灰尘,晚上可见度等等。然后一些经济现实因素会影响,在这例子里是没有水,于是它们用了装置收集水解决问题 最后讲了附近城市变大有影响,政府采取了措施减少影响。
7.女生问古典乐器为啥没有变化
然后教授解释没有变化是因为人们抗拒变化,然后自己年轻人学习是通过向老人学习的不创新,后面讲了存在一些创新。
8.艺术
澳大利亚人的艺术创作很特殊,他来自澳洲本土但是作品融合欧洲文化
9.海洋生物的研究
10.中国茶对英国的影响
回忆10:
口语
Task 1
在图书馆你想做哪类志愿工作?
1、读书给小朋友
2、帮别人找书
3、organize,归置书
Task2
学校要开始film class然后转天release到web上,你同意吗?原因是什么?
Task3
学校要取消爵士乐团,原因:
a.没有足够的学生
b.学校另外开了一个choir
女生反对:
a.不是兴趣下降而是因为一周三次太多了,减少为一周一次就没问题了;
b.choir是古典音乐而不是爵士乐,对古典乐不感兴趣
Task4
植物驯化(plant domestication)
一种植物,这种植物一开始发苦(bitter)而且有毒,人们不吃;后来发现它没有某种化学物质后就变甜了,人们开始种。
Task5
女生受伤了,有两种选择:
1.住家里(有独立的房间,但是远还得倒车)
2.住朋友在学校的公寓(得睡客厅)
Task6
daily deal,优惠券的两个缺点:
(1)顾客只是暂时的被打折吸引过来,很多来自很远的地方,比如家住乡下客户会为优惠券来超市消费,但没有优惠他们就不会一直来
(2)大量的客户但没有导致服务跟不上,顾客体验不好,会和朋友说别来
回忆11:
独立写作
The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation's government to take to protect the environment.
1. Fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and wind energy.
2. Preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.
3. Enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.
综合写作
Ninth Leigh是个出色的军队,它消失的原因:
阅读,有三种理论。
1.消失在Scotland,当时苏格兰有叛乱(rebellion),the Ninth Legion被派去镇压,结果在战役中被消灭.
2.消失在Netherlands。因考古学家在Netherlands发现了一种特殊的roof tile,能推测是士兵给修理的。
3.消失在Judea,Roman governor派 the Ninth Legion去Judea征战,他们在路上或在战役中被消灭(wipedout)。
听力一一反驳。
1.如第九军团是在如今的Scotland平定叛乱的战役中消失的,那得是场巨大的战役. 如真在苏格兰被灭了,那么战场遗址一定能找到属于第九军团的残害设备仍然存在,但事实是没有武器碎片或者遗迹
2.Netherlands的roof tile推测不靠谱,做这种rooftile要用窑(kiln) ,但荷兰找不到kiln的存在,所以在那边建造或是修理rooftile证据不足。教授又说,其实这种roof tile在别的地方也能做,比如Britain就可以。那就可能在Britain做好了tile后运到荷兰。既然是运,那什么人都能运,不一定是soldiers.
3消失在Judea也不合理,因为把第九军团派到Judea去效率不高、地理上,the Ninth Legion处于大陆的west edge,而Judea在east edge,两者之间有其他的军团,要派也是派其他军团去。
回忆12:
口语部分
Speaking
Task1
Which ofthe following library volunteer would you want to choose to do? Helping peoplefind the right material, read to kids, or keeping bookshelf organized.
这道题来自2013年,不但是老题,而且是一道很老的题目了。考察的话题是经典的志愿者活动,但是三个选项比较局限,非常具体。
选项一:想要帮助别人,可以用自己的经历感受来讲;与人交流
选项二:轻松愉快;小时候就喜欢;培养与小孩相处的能力
选项三:培养条理性;发现意想不到的有趣内容
Sample answer:
As for me,I guess I will choose to read to kids. When I was younger, I really lovedreading fairy tales. Every night, I would beg my mom to read bedtime storiesfor me. It was the warmest moment of the day and brought me a lot of warmmemories that I would never forget. So I really want to share the happiness ofreading with other kids. Besides, I think this work will benefit me from thelong run. When I build a family, I will have my own children. Without anyexperience, it could be challenging, since I don’t know how to get along with kids. But readingto kids can provide me an opportunity to know them.
类似题目:
2014.12.6
If you area volunteer in a hospital, what kind of work would you choose, 1. take care ofpatient's family 2. talk to patient 3. read to patient. Please give specificreasons and details.
2016.9.25
Which ofthe following three would you choose to do in summer vacation? Working as a librarian,painter in an art center, or life guard in the natatorium?
Task2
Do youagree or disagree: students should watch teacher’s lectures in video version instead ofattending classes.
科技一直是托福一个热门话题,尤其是科技给人们生活带来什么改变,这道题就是一道由科技衍生出来的题目,其实考的就是是面对面授课好还是视频课堂好,那我们可以从两个角度来分析:
1.不应该改成网课,因为面对面授课有好处:
1)跟老师和同学们可以互动
2)有问题可以及时的解决,因为可以面对面
2.应该改成视频课,因为网视频有以下好处:
1)对学生来说成本更低
2)学生可以自行安排学习的时间和地点
Sample answer:
I agreewith it for the following two reasons.
Firstly,watching video lessons can be a more affordable option than attendingtraditional schools. For example, there are no commuting costs, and sometimesthere is also no any required course materials such as textbooks because thoseare often available for free online.
Second,video courses give students the opportunity to plan their study time around therest of their day. Students can study and work when they are at their peakenergy, whether that’s earlymorning or late at night. In addition, students will not have to fight traffic,find parking spaces, leave work early to go to class, or miss important familytime.
综合部分
TASK3:
因为没有足够的学生所以学校要取消爵士乐团,并会安排其他的合唱团供学生参加。
女生反对:
a.人少不是兴趣下降而是因为排练一周三次太多了,减到一周一次就没问题了;
b.其他的合唱团是古典音乐而不是爵士乐,大家对古典乐不感兴趣。
TASK4:
plant domestication
人们选取不宜食用的植物中好的地方进行保留和再生产
有一种植物原来有毒而且苦,后来有次发现了一个没毒的,然后人们就很小心地把它的种子保护起来,以后就一直种这个吃。
TASK5:
女生踢足球脚受伤了不巧的是她的房子电梯不能用,只能走楼梯。
第一个solution是回家住,可以洗衣服还有自己房间,但是得倒车
第二个是去朋友Bella家住,但是得睡沙发
TASK6:
商业方法daily discount的两个弊端,用了餐馆举例
一个是客户只是暂时的,没有优惠券他们就不会来;
一个是不能一次handle大量的顾客。还是餐厅的例子,大量的客户导致服务跟不上,客户体验差,顾客会告知朋友不要来。
回忆13:
写作部分Writing
独立写作:
The governmentcan take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which oneof the following do you think is the most important for the nation's governmentto take to protect the environment.
1. Fund theresearch to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solarand wind energy.
2. Preserve thenatural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.
3. Enforce lawsto prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.
范文语料:
Intro
Demo opening
Human activities have been jeopardizing most animals’ lives and have accelerated the rate at which natural environment exacerbates. Thus, governments and environmentalists have been working on the front line to protect the fragile planet where we live by listing a few options for us citizens to take, such as exploiting solar energy, establishing natural resources conservation and enforcing laws to prevent air and water pollution by large companies, of all three possible solutions, I believe national governments should invest financial support in developing new energy sources..
论点1
首先,投入资金 in discovering new energy 可以 radically 解决various environmental problems. As is common sense,日益恶化的deteriorating环境 environment 是由于化石燃料的过度的开采 overexploitation of fossil fuels。具体来讲To be specific各种各样的化工厂, numerous chemical plants 通常燃烧煤炭来提供能量去生产manufacturing 所有的商品,以满足satisfy the basic needs of the general public. 因为As a result大量的工业废料industrial wastes 被排泄 discharged ,对自然环境造成负面影响to take a toll on the natural environment。再者Also,汽油驱动的汽车petrol-powered automobiles 会释放废气 emit car exhaust,增加公众患呼吸道疾病respiratory diseases的危险。因此,需要find new and clean energy like solar energy, wind power and tidal power去解决以上环境问题。
论点2
其次,另外两个措施有明显局限 conspicuous limitation of the other two options。对于preserving natural places,效果relatively restricted.具体来讲, 保护自然地the preservation of natural places 将阻碍 hinder 燃料获取access,进而阻碍社会发展。除此之外, passing laws会迫使corporation削减产量cut down their output,减少 profits甚至going bankcrupt.
真题比对与预测:
重复2016年6月25日话题。接下来要关注教育问题,文化类,品质类文章。
161210CN(上午)(new)
It’s difficultfor teachers to be both popular (well liked) and effective in helping studentslearn. Agree or disagree?
150509CN(new)
Do you agreeor disagree with the statement? All university students should be required totake history courses no matter what field they study in.
160228CN(new)
Nowadays,children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, videogames for fun and entertainment; playing simpler toys or playing outside withfriends would be better for the children's development.
150131CN
Do you agreeor disagree with the following statement? The rules that the whole societiestoday expect young people to follow and obey are too strict.
160820CN(new)
Taking a lotof time to make an important decision is viewed as a bad quality for a person tohave. But now it’s considered as a good quality of a person. Do you agree ordisagree with the statement?
综合写作:
话题: Ninth Leigh消失的三个原因讨论
阅读部分:有三种理论:
1.消失于Scotland。因为当时苏格兰有rebellion叛乱,the Ninth Legion被派去镇压,结果在战役中被灭.
2.消失于Netherlands。因为考古学家在Netherlands发现了一种特殊的roof tiles,能推测是士兵给修理的。
3.消失于Judea,Roman governor派 the Ninth Legion去Judea征战,他们在路上或在战役中被wiped out。
听力部分反驳:
1.如果第九军团是在如今的Scotland平定叛乱的战役中消失的,那场战役battle将会巨大无比。 如真在苏格兰被灭了,那么在战场遗址中一定能找到属于第九军团的残害设备,但事实是没有武器碎片debris或者遗迹remains。
2.Netherlands的rooftiles推测not convincing,做这种rooftile要用窑(kiln) ,但荷兰找不到kiln。所以在那边建造或是修理roof tile没有重组证据。再者,其实这种roof tile在别的地方也能做,比如Britain就可以。那就可能在Britain做好了tile后运到荷兰。既然是运,那什么人都能运,不一定是soldiers.
3消失在Judea也不合理,因为把第九军团派到Judea去not efficient。Geologically,the Ninth Legion处于大陆的west edge,而Judea在east edge,两者之间有其他的军团,要派也是派其他军团去。
回忆14:
听力部分
Listening
Conversation
1.男生丢了图证,但是要去图书馆借书,老师给了很多建议。
2.生物学的女生找老师讨论和他专业相关的一个活动。是去和当地居民一起种菜,学生困惑感觉和自己专业没有关系,老师给他解答。
3.男生去找老师聊自己想减少两个课,因为选了四个课,四个课都要交paper,他超负荷了。
4.学生去观摩一个数学课,他发现老师会根据不同学生采取不同教学方法,并且会引导学生自己解决问题,或者找其他同学帮助,学生觉得这种课堂很好。
5.学生研究法国健康系统,但导师走了,要换导师。
Lecture
1.天文学
星系有螺旋星系(spiral galaxy)和椭圆星系(ellipticalgalaxy),一个东西原来观察是螺旋星系,后来用了红外望远镜发现更像是椭圆星系,然后说一开始认为是椭圆星系形成了螺旋星系,后来说其实不是这样。
2.音乐
讲了两个人不同的观点,一个是有很多不协调(inconsonant),然后其实这个不重要,音乐的主题(text)更重要。
3.地理隔离
说一般物种很多是因为有地理隔离,但是亚马孙平原没有隔离,但还是很多物种,后来提出来一个理论,是因为亚马孙河。最后教授反驳了这个理论。
4.历史和科技的关系
两种理论一种叫hard technology determination一种是soft technology determination.第一种乐观,第二种悲观,最后教授提了自己的看法。
5.政府
两个法律如何在同一个地方适用,联邦法和州法,用了开发能源的例子。在美国开发海岸能源发电要经过州法和联邦法的同意,所以很繁琐,就会延迟,导致没人投资。英国同样的问题,有自己的规律,联邦和州合作审批,所以快。然后又说了美国一个州也是差不多这样,最终说要联邦和州合作。
6.天文
讲了影响天文台地址的因素,比如和人群的距离,灰尘,晚上可见度等等。然后一些经济现实因素会影响,在这例子里是没有水,于是它们用了装置收集水解决问题 最后讲了附近城市变大有影响,政府采取了措施减少影响。
7.女生问古典乐器为啥没有变化
然后教授解释没有变化是因为人们抗拒变化,然后自己年轻人学习是通过向老人学习的不创新,后面讲了存在一些创新。
8.艺术
澳大利亚人的艺术创作很特殊,他来自澳洲本土但是作品融合欧洲文化
9.海洋生物的研究
10.中国茶对英国的影响
回忆15:
1. PreventingOvergrowth among Tree Branches
shedding剪枝的意义。一个是因为有些树枝消耗掉的碳物质比生产的多,另一个原因是有时候气候很干,剪枝减少水的消耗。
词汇题补充:
exposed = unprotected
with no warning = without any indication beforehand
congestion = overcrowding
2. Crown of Thorns Starfish and Coral Reefs
冠状棘海星,话题重复2011.01.08
珊瑚的消失和一种海星的数量猛增有关系,主要说的是导致猛增的原因(环境+人)
词汇题补充:
outbreak = sudden increase
accompany = occur along with
converge = come together
severity = seriousness
原题重现:(福利来啦!!!)
The crown ofthorns starfish, Acanthaster Tlanci, is large, twenty-five to thirty-fivecentimeters in diameter, and has seven to twenty-one arms that are covered inspines. It feeds primarily on coral and is found from the Indian Ocean to thewest coast of Central America, usually at quite low population densities. Sincethe mid-1950s, population outbreaks at densities four to six times greater thannormal have occurred at the same time in places such as Hawaii, Tahiti, Panama,and the Great Barrier Reef. The result has often been the loss of a fiftypercent to nearly one hundred percent of the coral cover over largeareas.
A singleAcanthaster can consume five to six square meters of coral polyps per year, anddense populations can destroy up to six square kilometers per year and move onrapidly. Acanthasters show a preference for branching corals, especiallyAcroporids. After an outbreak in a particular area, it is common to find thatAcroporids have been selectively removed, leaving a mosaic of living and deadcorals. In places where Acroporids previously dominated the communitydevastation can be almost complete, and local areas of reefs havecollapsed.
Areas ofdead coral are usually colonized rapidly by algae and often are later colonizedby sponges and soft corals. Increases in abundance of plant-eating fish anddecreases in abundance of coral-feeding fish accompany these changes. Corallarvae settle among the algae and eventually establish flourishing coralcolonies. In ten to fifteen years the reefs often return to about the samepercentage of coral cover as before. Development of a four-species diversitytakes about twenty years.
Two schoolsof thought exist concerning the cause of these outbreaks. One group holds thatthey are natural phenomena that have occurred many times in the past, citingold men's recollections of earlier outbreaks and evidence from traditionalcultures. The other group maintains that recent human activities ranging fromphysical coral destruction through pollution to predator removal have triggeredthese events.
One theory,the adult aggregation hypothesis, maintains that most species is more abundantthan we realize when a storm destroys coral and causes a food shortage. Theadult Acanthasters converge on remaining portions of healthy coral and feed hungrily.Certainly there have been outbreaks of Acanthaster following large storms, butthere is little evidence that the storms have caused the enough reef damage tocreate a food shortage for these starfish.
Two otherhypotheses attempt to explain the increased abundance of Acanthaster afterepisodes of high terrestrial runoff following storms. The first hypothesis isthat low salinity and high temperatures favor the survival of the starfishlarvae. The second hypothesis emphasizes the food web aspect, suggesting thatstrong fresh water runoff brings additional nutrients to the coastal waters,stimulating phytoplankton production and promoting more rapid development andbetter survival of the starfish larvae.
Thosefavoring anthropogenic (human influenced) causes have pointed to the largeproportion of outbreaks that have been near centers of human populations. Ithas been suggested that coral polyps are the main predators of the starfishlarvae. Destruction of coral by blasting and other bad land use practices wouldreduce predation on the starfish larvae and cause a feedback in which increasesin Acanthaster populations cause still further coral destruction.Unfortunately, there are too few documented instances of physical destructionof coral being followed by outbreaks of Acanthaster for these hypotheses to befully supported.
Anothergroup of hypothesis focuses on removal of Acanthaster's predators. Some havesuggested that the predators might have been killed off by pollution whereasothers have suggested that the harvesting of vertebrate and invertebratepredators of Acanthaster could have reduced mortality and caused increasedabundance of adults. The problem with this group of hypothesis is that it is difficultto understand how reduced predation would lead to sudden increases inAcanthaster numbers in several places at the same time in specific years. Itseems probable that there is no single explanation but that there are elementsof the truth in several of the hypotheses. That is there are natural processesthat have led to outbreaks in the past, but human impact has increased thefrequency and severity of the outbreaks.
3.Dorset Culture
格林兰岛Dorset Culture的起源,首先是由于气候变冷,一部分人迁走了,另一部分留下来的人创立了文明。这些人发明了工具来面对寒冷气候,后来气候变暖了,另一部落的人迁移过来消灭了这个文明。
词汇题补充:
allowed for = made possible
harsh = severe
duration of sea ice = length of time the ice lasts
annihilated = destroyed
4.Changes in the Amount of Forest on the Great Plains
旧题重复:2015年9月25日文章
本篇属于比较规律的一篇生物文章,从森林变化这种现象着手,进而分析背后的原因; 建议大家多多了解相关的背景知识,比如 TPO 09:The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii; TPO 25:TheEvolutionary Origin of Plants,从这些文章中我们可以知道植物的产生和进化原理,并且之后背后的原因。每种植物的生长和进化套路相似,所以大家可以仔细分析一下这两篇文章的结构,总结类似的文章结构规律和出题特征。
文章内容:最初被常绿林覆盖的森林,由于气候变得温暖干燥,变成了落叶林,最后成了草地。在一些山脊之类的地方树木比较占优势,一方面山顶气候凉爽并且接收到更多的降水(precipitation),另一方面,山脊是天然的防火地带(natural firebreak),但草原被烧毁后依旧能够拥有“野火烧不尽”的势头。然而在大平原地区,森林减少后,接下来又经历了逆袭,数量开始增多,具体的原因主要在于人类的活动,随着农牧业的发展,草原数量逐渐减少,火灾频率也随之降低,所以,森林又得以回归。
词汇题补充:
dense = thick
eased into = slowly entered
retain = keep
inevitable = certain
5.How Plants and Animals Arrivedin the Hawaiian Islands
旧题重复:2014年12月27日文章
6. EarlyModern Industrialization
旧题重复:2017年3月11日文章
原文内容: 汇题补充:
determinants = causes
hastened = rushed
diffusion = dispersal
perfected = completed
7. Birds and Food Shortage
旧题重复:2015年12月20日文章
文章内容:
这篇是讲鸟类储存能量的。鸟类通过储存食物或者脂肪来度过食物不充足的时期,但是这个只能缓解食物短缺,不能彻底解决这个问题。越小的鸟就越需要更多的能量来生长,储存能量难度也更大,特别举了一个例子是蜂鸟需要不停的进食:大的鸟储存能量多,并且不需要消耗太多能量去生长,所以储存的能量可以撑很长时间,但是大鸟有时候需要储存能量来迁徙或者繁殖。还说了有一些鸟会通过降低新陈代谢速率来减少能量消耗,类似于一种哺乳动物冬眠的状态,蜂鸟可能每天晚上都会这样。
词汇题补充:
duration of = length of
enables = allows
in some degree = to a certain extent
8.古埃及金字塔那些法老,对各个法老的记录来研究埃及历史
9.恐龙的讨论
10.北极圈的居民
11.农业变迁
12.植物的自我保护机制
13.昆虫的一种群居行为
14.密西根和埃及的乡村建设,一个分布均匀,一个分布紧密
回忆16:
2017年11月11日托福命中多篇阅读,独立和综合大作文双双命中,命中口语五部分和听力五篇旧题,CPU资料阅读、写作、听力、口语等全面大中,全面开花!今天的托福考试,依然是几套试卷组合,这种模式会一直持续下去。今天托福考试几大特点:(1)阅读听力老题重复量巨大,(2)阅读听力均有加试,每个考生情况不一,(3)听力一直是四项难度最大,并且对话难度超过讲座,(4)独立和综合写作重复老题,是我们TOEFL CPU资料里面的。今天大部分题目都在我们CPU资料原题命中!祝贺CPU会员将出现不少100-110分以上托福天才!今天听力阅读里大多是老题,仍然大量重复2014-2017年的老题,尤其是我们CPU托福资料的真题。今天口语和写作也是老题居多。ETS今年虽然在考试形式上变化很多,但其实使用的新题非常少,大都是在重复2015-2017年大陆考过的新题。这一方面说明,ETS出题成本太高(80万美金一套),所以出题量小。另一方面说明,托福考试的整体趋势还是稳定的。形式上的变化(多套试卷,阅读加试,听力非经典加试),并不能改变这个考试的内在。除了阅读之外,今天听力,口语和写作都重复老题。总体反馈请复制链接进入
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