托福备考--3.19托福阅读新加题
互动咨询微信:ielts2013 或 504918228 或托福公共微信:tofelielts
今天托福考试是一套新题,但话题却是重复多次的。而且,今天在上海考托福也遇到了阅读的新加试,这个我们之后会专门跟各位分享。
今天的考试解析跟大家讲三方面:(1)阅读如何预读,(2)综合写作讲解和范文,(3)口语TASK6讲解和SAMPLE RESPONSE。
今天阅读三篇文章分别是Extinction Trends(灭绝趋势),How Aquatic Insects Remain Unseen by Predators(水生昆虫如何不被捕猎者发现),The Arrival of Humans in the Americas(人类到达美洲)。其中第一、三篇文章都属于托福热点话题,尤其第一篇生物灭绝话题,在2016年年初就考过两次:2016-01-09 Extinctions at the End of the Cretaceous和2016-02-27 Pleistocene extinctions。纵观三篇文章,中等偏难,尤其第三篇,全文只分三段(迄今为止最少的分段个数),每段巨长,层次感不明晰,要求考生单句过关(长难句顺读)和句间联系的能力超强(宏观思路),否则极易走失,不知所云。
今天的阅读考试,我为广大考生讲解以下两点。
1. 试验类文章如何预读
今天第二篇文章How Aquatic Insects Remain Unseen by Predators(水生昆虫如何不被捕猎者发现)难倒一片,因为全文只分四段,每段超长,而且每段都是一个大实验或分级试验,不读完整段根本不知道作者在说什么。
试验类文章的写法/读法必然是:
1) 试验目的:试验要验证什么样的假说(主题的终极指向)
2) 试验步骤:如何操作(细节题和否定细节题所指),
3) 试验结果:结果本身以及该结果是否符合预期假说
4) 仍存在的问题和问题的解决
例如,第一段研究人员的试验目的是验证“透明的幽蚊幼虫不会被捕猎者发现,而深色的幽蚊幼虫会被捕猎者发现吃掉”;试验步骤是将透明的和不透明的幽蚊幼虫放在同一池子,观察捕猎的鱼对它们的袭击情况;实验结果是 “Of 200 phantom midge larvae that have dark pigments on body surface, 151 were eaten by fish, but of 200 boatmen that are transparent, only 49 were eaten.” (表达试验结果的经典句型,正常语序为:151 of 200 phantom midge larvae that have dark pigments on body surface were eaten by fish)。试验结果符合预期,但存在问题:有可能是不透明的幼虫比透明的幼虫更活跃,是因为这种活跃度而非体色差别吸引了捕猎者,进一步对比试验表明,当把透明的幼虫涂上颜色和天然有色的幼虫放在一起,鱼攻击这两种幼虫的比例仍然是一样的,由此证明只是体色差别影响了捕猎者对幽蚊幼虫的攻击。
例题1
第24题 According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes the purpose of Popham’s experiment?(考查试验目的)
例题2
第21题 According to paragraph 2, all of the following statements about the ponds experiment by E.J. Popham are true EXCEPT:(考查试验细节)
There were at least eight of them.
Each contained both nymph and adult water boatmen.
It is likely that the color of their bottoms matched that of the water boatmen by chance.
Their bottoms were all brown, but the shade of brown varied from pond to pond.
2. 背景知识如何运用
托福虽然考查的是语言能力,但却又是学术语言,所述内容经常是学科知识,因此无法篡改。所以如果掌握了该学术话题的常考内容,那么顺带猜想,似乎也能读懂不少。例如,第一篇文章第2题:
第2题 According to paragraph 1,why does the author mention the discovery of a layer of unique sediment containing iridium?
解析
对于“恐龙灭绝”铱元素的考查,积累背景知识的考生都知道铱元素在地球表面不存在,而在小行星中含量丰富,所以铱元素在地层中的发现是地球被小行星撞击的很好证据。所以此题答案选C:To identify evidence that led to a better understanding of a major extinction event in Earth’s history
点评
背景知识虽好,但并非万能,它有两个巨大缺陷:一是纵使了解背景知识,也会被选项语言干扰,因为托福最终考查的是语言能力,真正读懂语言才是起点的根本,例如,上题的干扰项D:To provide an example of the type of sediment that is associated with impact on Earth’s surface.(考生自省为何不选D);
缺陷二:同是考查”生物灭绝”,各篇文章看似相识实则“小重叠而大不同”,因为生物灭绝话题可以展开的方方面面太多了,例如ETS可以考查“白垩纪恐龙灭绝”、“更新世大型陆地哺乳动物灭绝”、“寒武纪大灭绝”等等,而且在每一种灭绝内部,各个文章引入的原因分析又各不相同,不能死守背景知识一律对待。目前华叔已对热点话题的所有方面做了详尽归纳,以后再跟各位分享。
综合写作:
阅读指出土星最大的卫星Titan存在三个怪异的特征,而听力认为这些特征均可解释。
首先,阅读认为,Titan的轨道是椭圆形而不是常规的圆形。听力材料说,之所以如此是因为Titan是多个卫星的合体而非一颗卫星,因而轨道受到了复杂的影响。
其次,阅读指出,Titan的两极地区存在坑洼(depressions),但火山爆发和陨石撞击都不是其形成的原因。听力则表示,Titan存在大量降水,是水流的冲击造成了坑洼。
最后,阅读声称,Titan的沙丘的坡向与风向不符合一般情况。听力表示,Titan上的沙丘的沙很重,只有强风才能对其产生决定性影响。
运用课堂的综合写作模板,我们可以得出下文:
The reading passage claims that there are three features about Titan that cannot be explained, while the speaker think so therwise.
To begin with, the reading states that the orbit of the Titan is elliptical rather than circular, which is quite puzzling and abnormal. According to the lecture, however, this phenomenon is caused by the fact that Titan was originally not a single moon but the combination of several smaller moons, which compounded its orbit.
In addition, the author argues that the existence of depressions in Titan's polar areas is dubious, since they cannot be explained by volcanic activities or meteorite impact. The professor refutes this argument by pointing out that there are frequent rainfalls in Titan and it is those liquids that formed the multiple caves on Titan, as the case on earth.
Finally, contrary to the belief in the passage that the slope of the dunes on Titan is not in compliance with the force of the wind, the lecturer contends that the sand on the moon is so heavy that only those storm winds, 10 times stronger than the usual wind, can determine the slope ofthe dunes. (190 Words) 最新托福IBT考试题库、预测题目答案范文机经-紧跟考情提供每一场托福预测所有口语,写作,听力,阅读等题目详细原创答案范文机经和听说读写技巧复习方案,快速提高托福20-60分,可以加互动个人微信ielts2013或wxid_504918228或QQ504918228
|