回忆1：
大作文：The qualities that are required in people‘s success in the today’s world can be learned from University or similar academic institutions .agree or disagree
回忆2：
阅读 1.bamboo 2.apperance and personality 3.orientation
小作文线型图：three products production in the forest industry of a European country. 大作文：一个人真的成功是否要靠大学？
回忆3:
阅读第一篇：竹子；第二篇：某竞技运动；第三篇：以貌取人
回忆4：
阅读
第一篇是A Wonder Plant-Bamboo（神奇的竹子）
The wonder plantwith an uncertain future: more than a billion people rely on bamboo for eithertheir shelter or income, while many endangered species depend on it for theirsurvival. Despite its apparent abundance, a new report says that species ofbamboo may be under serious threat.
A
Every year, during the rainy season, themountain gorillas of Central Africa migrate to the foothills (山麓) and lower slopes of the Virunga Mountains to grazeon bamboo. For the 650 0r so that remain in the wild, it’s a vital food source.Although there are at almost 150 types of plant, as well as various insects andother invertebrates, bamboo accounts for up t0 90 percent of their diet at thistime of year. Without it, says Ian Redmond, chairman of the Ape Alliance, theirchances of survival would be reduced significantly. Gorillas aren’t the onlylocals keen on bamboo. For the people who live close to the Virungas, it’s avaluable and versatile raw material used for building houses and makinghousehold items such as mats and baskets. But in the past 100 years or so,resources have come under increasing pressure as populations have exploded andlarge areas of bamboo forest have been cleared to make way for farms andcommercial plantations.
B
Sadly, this isn’t an isolatedstory. All over the world, the ranges of many bamboo species appear to be shrinking,endangering the people and animals thatdepend upon them. But despite bamboo’s importance，
we knowsurprisingly little about it. A recent report published by the UN EnvironmentProgrammer (UNEP) and the Inter-national Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)has revealed just how profound is our ignorance of global bamboo resources,particularly in relation to conservation. There are almost l,600 recognizedspecies of bamboo, but the report concentrated on the l,200 or so woodyvarieties distinguished by the strong stems, or culms (茎), that most people associate with this versatileplant. Of these, only 38 ‘priority species’ identified for their commercialvalue have been the subject of any real scientific research, and this hasfocused mostly on matters relating to their viability as a commodity. Thisproblem isn’t confined to bamboo. Compared to the work carried out on animals,the science of assessing the conservation status of plants is stillin its infancy. “People have only started looking hard at this during the past10-15 years, and only now are they getting a handle on how to go about itsystematically,” says Dr. Valerie Kapos, one of the report’s authors and asenior adviser in forest ecology and conservation to the UNEP.
C
Bamboo is a type of grass. Itcomes in a wide variety of forms, ranging in height from 30 centimeters to morethan 40 meters. It is also the world’s fastest-growing woody plant; somespecies can grow more than a meter in a day. Bamboo’s ecological rote extendsbeyond providing food and habitat for animals. Bamboo tends to grow in standsmade up of groups of individual plants that grow from root systems known asrhizomes (根茎). Its extensive rhizome systems, which tiein the top layers of the soil, are crucial in preventing soil erosion. Andthere is growing evidence that bamboo plays an important part in determiningforest structure and dynamics. “Bamboo’s pattern of mass flowering and massdeath leaves behind large areas of dry biomass that attract wildfire,” says Kapos.“When these burn, they create patches of open ground within the forest farbigger than would be left by a fallen tree.”Patchiness helps to preservediversity because certain plant species do better during the early stages ofregeneration when there are gaps in the canopy.
D
However, bamboo’s most immediatesignificance lies in its economic value.Modern processing techniques mean thatit can be used in a variety of ways, for example, as flooring and laminates.One of the fastest growing bamboo products is paper-25 percent of paper produced in India is made from bamboo fiber, and in Brazil, 100,000hectares of bamboo are grown for its production. Of course, bamboo’s mainfunction has always been in domestic applications, and as a locally tradedcommodity it’s worth about $4.5billion annually. Because of its versatility,flexibility and strength (its tensile strength compares to that of some steel),it has traditionally been used in construction. Today, more than one billionpeople worldwide live in bamboo houses. Bamboo is often the only readilyavailable raw material for people in many developing countries, says ChrisStapleton, a research associate at the Royal Botanic Gardens. “Bamboo can beharvested from forest areas or grown quickly elsewhere, and then convertedsimply without expensive machinery or facilities,” he says. “In this way, itcontributes substantially to poverty alleviation and wealth creation.”
E
Given bamboo’s value in economicand ecological terms, the picture painted by the UNEP report is all the moreworrying. But keen horticulturists (园艺家) willspot an apparent contradiction here. Those who’ve followed the recent vogue forcultivating exotic species in their gardens will point out that if it isn’tkept in check, bamboo can cause real problems. “In a lot of places, the peoplewho live with bamboo don’t perceive it as being endangered in any way,” saysKapos. “In fact, a lot of bamboo species are actually very invasive if they’vebeen introduced.”So why are so many species endangered? There are two separateissues here, says Ray Townsend, vice president of the British Bamboo Societyand arboretum manager at the Royal Botanic Gardens. “Some plants are threatenedbecause they can’t survive in the habitat-they aren’t strong enough or therearen’t enough of them, perhaps. But bamboo can take care of itself-it is strongenough to survive if left alone. What is under threat is its habitat.”It is thephysical disturbance that is the threat to bamboo, says Kayos. “When forestgoes, it is converted into something else: there isn’t anywhere for forestplants such as bamboo to grow if you create a cattle pasture.”
F
Around the world, bamboospecies are routinely protected as part of forest co-systems in national parksand reserves, but there is next to nothing that protects bamboo in the wild forits own sake. However, some small steps are being taken to address thissituation. The UNEP-INBAR report will help conservationists to establisheffective measures aimed at protecting valuable wild bamboo species. Towns end,too, sees the UNEP report as an important step forward in promoting the causeof bamboo conservation. “Until now, bamboo has been perceived as a second-classplant. When you talk about places such as the Amazon, everyone always thinksabout the hardwoods. Of course these are significant, but there is a tendencyto overlook the plants they are associated with, which are often bamboospecies. In many ways, it is the most important plant known to man. I can’tthink of another plant that is used so much and is so commercially important inso many countries.”He believes that the most important first step is to getscientists into the field. “We need to go out there, look at these plants andsee how they survive and then use that information to conserve them for thefuture.”
Questions 1-7
.................................................................................
Reading Passage I has six sections A-F.
Which section contains the following information ?
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes l-7 on your answer sheet
NB You may use any letter more than once
1 Limited extent of existing research
2 Comparison of bamboo with other plant species
3 Commercial application of bamboo
4 Bamboos application in a variety of uses
5 Human activity that damaged large areas of bamboo
6 The approaches used to study bamboo
7 Bamboo helps the survival of a range of plants
Questions 8-11
...............................................................................
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) withopinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-d in boxes 8-11 0nyour answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once
A Ian Redmond
B Valerie Kayos
C Ray Townsend
D Chris Stapleton
8 Destroying bamboo jeopardizes to wildlife.
9 People have very confined knowledge of bamboo.
10 Some people do not think that bamboo is endangered.
11 Bamboo has loads of commercial potentials.
.............................................................................
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage
for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12-13 0n your answer sheet
12What problem does the bamboos root system prevents?
13Which bamboo product is experiencing market expansion?
答案：
1. B 2. E 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A
9.B 10.B 11.D 12. Soil erosion 13. paper
第二篇：Orienteering定向越野跑
文章介绍了定向越野跑的现状、起源、分类，说了为什么不能成为正式的奥运项目，并且是如何被管理的。
配对题4题+填空题6题
An orienteer at a control point
Orienteering is a groupof sports that requires navigational skills usinga map and compass to navigate from point to point indiverse and usually unfamiliar terrain whilst moving at speed. Participants aregiven a topographical map, usually a specially prepared orienteering map,which they use to find control points. Originally a training exercisein land navigation for military officers, orienteering has developed manyvariations. Among these, the oldest and the most popular is footorienteering. For the purposes of this article, foot orienteering serves as apoint of departure for discussion of all other variations, but almost any sportthat involves racing against a clock and requires navigation with a map is atype of orienteering.
第三篇：Appearances and Characters
文章主要讨论了人的外貌和性格特点之间的某种联系，开头通过达尔文和船长之间的故事引入。
判断题5题+单选题4题+配对题5题
小作文森林工厂产品，大作文成功的品质在大学和学术机构能学到吗，你何种程度赞同
回忆5：
线图和the qualites a person needs cannot be learned in a university or similar academic institutions, to what extend so you agree or disagree
回忆6：
大作文：The qualities a person needs to become successful in today’s world cannot belearned at a university or any similar academic institution. To what extent doyou agree or disagree?
回忆7：
S1:money, 168, language, swim, Eurontas, team, uniform
S4:engineering, traditional, global market, tutorials, documentation, business plan, reflective, journalism, interview
回忆8：
小作文：线图 The graph below shows the change in production(Million Tonnes) of three products in the forest industry in a European country.
大作文：Some people think the qualities a person needs to become successful in today's world cannot be learned at a university or similar academic institution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
回忆9：
听力
S4 纺织工业与学校合作的课程
31-40填空题
31. In the first year: subject: engineering
32. global market
33. Goal: the printed
34. global market in the second year： business
35. Demonstration, documentation and suggestions
36. Tutorial helps students make decisions.
37. reflective practice in the third year
38 journalism In the fourth year
39. In the fourth year there is a computer program. if anyone interested in it, please contact us.
40 At last there will be a short interview.
回忆10：
听力
SECTION 1：航空工作airline job
money
language
swim
Eurontas team
168
uniform
cultures
SECTION 2：苏格兰旅游业
Qualification
scholarship
hotel industry
manager
欢迎补充
SECTION 3：解释新能源的装置
Tank
restore
environmental friendly
new building
rainwater
collect rain
欢迎补充
Section 4 纺织厂与学校实习
21. Subject: engineering
22. Work with business faculty
23. Goal: the printed textile
24. Focus on global market
25. Demonstration, documentation and suggestions
26. Tutorials help students make decisions
27. Reflective practice
28. Job opportunities of journalism
29. Inn the fourth year, there is a computer aided program,
30. At least, there will be a short interview
回忆11：
听力
section 2
内容：服务行业的scholarship
题型：选择题+配对题
难度：一般
section 3
内容：Educational House
题型：流程图+选择题
难度：较难（语速快）
参考答案：
21 fresh air is removed
22 fresh air is pulled in -window的作用
23 old air is removed
24 temperature is checked
25 heat cross is reduced
section 4
内容：纺织厂与学校实习
题型：填空题
难度：一般
参考答案：
31. Subject: engineering
32. Work with business faculty
33. Goal: the printed textile
34. Focus on global market
35. Demonstration, documentation and suggestions
36. Tutorials help students make decisions
37. Reflective practice
38. Job opportunities of journalism
39. Inn the fourth year, there is a computer aided program,
40. At least, there will be a short interview
回忆12：
小作文：
Task 1
The graph below shows concerns threeproduction in forest industry in a European country. The production is timber, pulpand paper during the years between 1980 to 2000.
大作文：
Task2
The qualities a person needs to become truly successfulcannot be learned at university or similar academic institution. To what extentdo you agree or disagree?
大作文的题目总是有一些小陷阱，原文的确切意思一定要加强，不要随意替换，如果替换不当会导致题目的意思有偏差，写作的思路就会有偏题的风险。
题意：个人在成功道路上所需要的品质是不能从大学或者类似的学术机构里学到的。
立场：在大学或者类似的学术机构里是可以学到一个人在成功道路上所需要的品质；
让步段：不可否认，在其他的一些地方，比如实习岗位上和家庭里等，都是可以学到一些对自己成功的经验和教训，因为一些理论是在实践后才能真正运用和理解的。但是，学校里的教育，至少在权威性和个性培养上都是无法取代的。
支持段1：（topic）知识的权威性
在大学里或者类似的学术机构里学习，可以得到最权威的和最advanced的科学理论，因为最尖端的学者都是在学术机构中的，这样受过正统教育的学生，会有最坚实的教育基础，在踏入社会后，就能以不变应万变的理论来应对各种问题，成功完成自己的任务；
支持段2：（topic）专注力的养成
在大学里或者类似的学术机构里学习，是在一个完全沉浸式学习的氛围中的，这个过程让学生们一直集中注意力在学习上，培养了学习的专注力，并且这个习惯会在以后的工作上和生活中有巨大的效果，让人们更容易成功。
回忆13：
为更好地促进做好Edward艾华师最新预测,请烤鸭们积极回忆在本文下面评论栏目里面,请尽量详细,并标明城市考点,A/G类,听力,阅读,大小作文,谢谢！特请亚太其他国家,欧洲,北美,南美,非洲等其他考区的烤鸭们也积极回忆吧
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