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2022年5月21日中国大陆雅思A类G类机考真题回忆+答案汇总（听说读写答案+机经整理汇总） 回忆1： 阅读 第一篇：托马斯杨 Thomas Young The last True Know-It-All 原文： A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the EncyclopediaBritannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists andclassicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics,""Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone whocould write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or adilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young isa good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything."Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title,also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2004book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath. B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. Hepresented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 andwas elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Youngexplained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focusesproperly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this wasachieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that lighttraveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see incolor, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three"principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green,violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct. C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumentalin cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, atablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. Thestone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable andEgyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, asYoung deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on thisappeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the termIndo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most ofEurope and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who wasa child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappearinto oblivion as an adult. D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an earlyage with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boardingschool. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his owninitiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy.After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, RichardBrocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby'slead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London,following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education inEdinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training atthe University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician inLondon. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a fewyears later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital. E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as ascholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had beenappointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution,where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published intwo volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, apost he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic andnational matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London andmethods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the NauticalAlmanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he wasphysician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company.Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to theEncyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books,essays and papers. F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Fewmen contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is tointroduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clearexpositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptianhieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young'saccomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as adilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers willnot end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young,doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures andtranslating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of asummerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society,attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, hewas an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to hisvibrant career and studies. G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson,"their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almostall we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorousdisputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical careerwas slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities ofYoung's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not creditthem, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lackof details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in whatit means to be a genius should read this book. Questions 1-7 Do the following statements agree with the information given in ReadingPassage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement is true FALSE if the statement is false NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage 1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to otherpeople. 2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up. 4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills. 5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local andnational issues. 6 Young was interested in various social pastimes. 7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years. Questions 8-13 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage foreach answer. 8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica? 9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academicpaper? 10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages? 11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies? 12 Where did Young get a teaching position? 13 What contribution did Young make to London? 中文翻译： A 我们该怎样理解托马斯•杨（1773-1829）？他是《大不列颠百科全书》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇传记（大部分都是关于科学家和古典学者），和大量关于“桥” “色彩论” “埃及” “语吉” “潮汐”等的论文。一个能够写出这样多有权威性文章的人应该算是一个博学者？ 一个天才？还是一个业余兴趣广泛的人呢？在一篇关于他的比较激进的传记中，Andrew Robinson 认为托马斯杨是-位强有力的竞争者能够配得这样的墓志铭“是最后一个知道任何事的人”。但是杨也要面对竞争：因为这样的传记标题Robinson不仅给了他，也作为副标题给了有关另两位学者的传记：Lenard Warren1998年著的《古生物学家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen2004年著的关于另一位博学者AthanasiusKircher(1602-1680)的传记。 B 当然杨的贡献远不止写了很多百科全书上的文章，他在20岁的时候将自己的第一篇论文自荐给伦敦皇家学会,并在他的21岁生日后被评为一周科学人物，杨在该篇论文中解释了人类眼睛的调节机制一一关于眼睛如何通过不同的距离聚焦在物体上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探讨了这个问题，类似牛顿，他在自己身上进行了可怕的实验用以获得相关的证据，他还得出这样的理论：光是通过“以太”分子的振动，以波的形式进行传递的，而“以太”是一种假想物质，其存在还存在争议性。他还认为为了能看见颜色，必须要有3个感应器对“三原色”进行感应，而这三种视网膜对其产生感应的颜色就是红，黄，蓝二种颜色。 C 在他人生的晚些时候，也就是40多岁的时候，杨试图破解锁在罗塞塔石碑里的未知文字密码，这个石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破仑的军队发现的，并且从1802年起就在英国博物馆进行展出。该石碑上包含了 3种不同的字母：希腊语，不可辨识的文字以及埃及的象形文字。这种不可辨识的文字现在被认为是正如杨所推断的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相关的。他最初有关这方面的工作首次出现在他在《大不列颠百科全书》中编纂的词条。在另一个条目中，他创造了术语“Indo-European”来描述在欧洲大部分地区以及北印度使用的语言。这些都是这是这位从小就展露科学天赋并且不像很多孩子后来江郎才尽的科学家获得的里程碑式的成就。 D 托马斯•杨出生在英国萨默塞特郡一个虔诚的教友会教徒家庭，从小和他的外公一起长大，最后去了寄宿学校。他两岁的时候就博览群书，并且自学熟练掌握了拉丁语，希腊语，数学以及哲学，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅RichardBrocklesby的鼓励，他的舅舅也是英国皇家学会的一位内科医生。在Brocklesby的引导下，杨决定要在医学方而有所建树，他曾先后在伦敦大学、爱丁堡大学和格丁根大学学习医学，多亏了Brocklesby的引荐，杨进入了英国皇家学会，他最后也打破了从小在教友会的教育，他参加戏剧演出，学习跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他还是一位杰出的马术师。在1808年结束在剑桥大学的医学学习后，杨在伦敦开了一家诊所，很快他就成为皇家内科医生学会的一员，并且几年后成为圣乔治医院的一名内科医生。 E 杨作为内科医生的医术却赶不上他作为自然哲学学者或是语言学家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已经被任命为英国皇家学会的教授，他每年要在那里举办60场的讲座。这些讲座在1807年以两本书的形式进行出版。1804年杨就已经成为英国朵家学会的秘书，而他获此殊荣直至去世。他的很多观点关注人民和国家事务，比如说在伦敦引进煤气照明和造船方法。从1819年起，他就是航海天文年历的主要负责人，也是Board ofLongitude的秘书。从1824年到1829年，他担任Palladian 保险公司的精算师和内科医生。在1816年和1825年间，他为《大不列颠百科全书》编纂了许多词条，而且穷其一生著作，论文无数。 F 我们通过杨在医学课上胡乱写的希腊字母和拉丁文短语以及他将一位年轻的女士写在避暑山庄墙上的诗句翻译成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的个人生活也因为自己对工作和研究的全情投入而略显苍白。 G 他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell结婚，据Robinson所述“他们的婚姻是幸福的，因为他的夫人欣赏他的工作”。我们对于他夫人的了解仅限于她在她丈夫备受一些关于眼睛的理论方面争议的时候总是坚定地支持他，并且当他的医学生涯开始慢慢起飞的时候，她开始有些担心钱的问题。值得一提的是，杨没有被保护的人，他都是和自己的导师进行互动一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一还有先于他过失的一些伟人（其中很多是很著名的如牛顿，杨最早在17岁读了他写的书）。但是关于杨和他母亲以及父亲的关系的记述却鲜力人知，Robinson在说到杨的非凡的头脑时也并没有将其归功于他的父母，或许很难有这样的巧合：过去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。 答案： 1. TRUE 2. FALSE 3. FALSE 4. NOT GIVEN 5. TRUE 6. TRUE 7. NOT GIVEN 8. 46 9. Human eye/ human eye accomodation 10. Indo-Europea 11. Richard Brocklesby 12. RoyalInstitution 13. gas lighting
第二篇：时尚工业 第三篇：翼龙 回忆2： 小作文是地图题，community centre十年的变化， 大作文是人人都想有车电视冰箱的优劣比较 回忆3： 小作文：地图题 - 社区中心十年间的变化
大作文：优缺点
It is suggested that everyone wants to own a car, a TV and a fridge. Do the disadvantages to society outweigh the advantages? 回忆4： 雅思听力部分
Part 1 游客调查
题型：填空
1. original reason: conference
2. present reason: wedding
3. 出行是by coach
4. 住宿：small camp
5. 不满意的地方：meat太少了，只有鸡肉
6. 有没有推荐的优点：no insects
7. 周围环境：noisy
8. nice to have a cinema
9. occupation: cook
10. dream place: India
Part 2 答案缺失
Part 3 女生向老师咨询课程的设置与专业情况
题型：单选+多选+填空
21-26 单选
21. the specialist subjects？
B. compulsory and regular
22. Microbiology science course is available
A. full time and flexible study time
23. applied science course available for
C. full-time on the campus
24. who are interested in microbiology science course?
B. people out of cities
25. why does a subject start later?
B. no experimental facilities
27-29 多选
27-29. Choose three compulsory courses
C. mathematics
E. statistics
F. biology
30 填空
30. there are three benefits of a scholarship: tuition offered every year, 1500 dollars in cash, book loan
Part 4 可食用昆虫
题型：填空（答案不全）
31. vitamins
32. space
33. alternative
34. taste
35. disease
36. cleaning
37. marketing 回忆5： 回忆6： 回忆7： 回忆8： 回忆9: 回忆10：
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