例题1:
Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
Paragraph 6: Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals.
According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that
○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen
○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting
○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls
○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting
首先,题干中的名词:chips是解题关键,到文中定位到第七行倒数第二个单词,我们发现这句话的主语是this theory, 所以chips想要提出的理论,应该在上句话中。往前看一句,我们发现该句的主语是another explanation, 很明显这是段落的分论点二,所以答案就是这一句,画动物的理由是improve their luck at hunting, 选项D地表达了这个概念。
Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?
○They are considered by some to be reptiles.
○Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
○They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
○They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
首先:题干中出现“infer”、“imply”和“indicate”表明它是推断题,顾名思义,推断题的答案文中没有明确给出,但是答案一定基于原文,一定是原文的合理推断,不能妄自联想和猜想。我们通过题干中的一名词“whale”定位,发现它在第二行,我们很快也发现这句话的主语是:leatherback turtle, whale只是和它有类比关系,他们很相像,因为文中出现了“the leatherback turtle is more like a reptilian whale.” 紧接着我们看到下一句:it swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans, 这句话中出现代词it, 很明显指代的是上句话中:leatherback turtle, 但是turtle和whale是类比关系,所以turtle能做的事,whale也可以,所以答案和在冰冷的海水中可以游得很远有关,所以答案是B。