雅思托福英语全球网

标题: 2018年5月12日澳洲,新西兰,香港等亚太考区雅思A类笔试真题... [打印本页]

作者: 雅思高分冲锋    时间: 2018-5-7 10:18
标题: 2018年5月12日澳洲,新西兰,香港等亚太考区雅思A类笔试真题...
2018年5月12日澳洲,新西兰,香港等亚太考区雅思A类笔试真题答案回忆汇总请看最下面,
欢迎英国欧洲考区、北美考区等考生积极回忆在我们微信
504918228,ieltstofel3,ielts2013,QQ504918228,QQ26346059上面

2018年5月9日、10日、11日、12日国内外雅思口语真题蹲点回忆汇总请进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-238390-1-1.html
                        
互动咨询微信:504918228 或 ieltstofel3或 ielts2013或 公共微信:ieltstofel

网络授课:对于长期困扰和急于提高雅思成绩总分1-4分的全球各地烤鸭们,Edward 艾华师提供全球性网络一对一雅思专家型授课, 无数在国内外读语言/预科,硕士博士(需要4个7,4个8移民)的学员的心声:花8-10万,几十万甚至上百万在国外学英语,还不如上Edward的几次课,具体安排和说明请进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-33-1-1.html

雅思冲刺快速加分套餐系列1888元-2588元起:IPN资料+1对1辅导请进入

快速提高1到3分:IPN雅思考试题库答案-提供2018年5月6月7月8月9月至12月每一场雅思预测所有口语,写作,听力,阅读等题目详细原创答案范文,整理好的更新型听力和阅读预测机经等说明请进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-32-1-1.html或请加QQ26346059或QQ450784339;或公共微信号:ieltstofel 或个人微信:ielts2013,504918228咨询。

雅思公共微信平台1:ieltstofel----最新雅思考试题库,最新每一场预测及配套完整答案范文机经,快速提高总分1到3分,国内外最新每一场雅思口语笔试蹲点题目汇总,最新各种不同层次基础烤鸭雅思考试实用成功经验,雅思4个7,4个8高分实用复习备考经验

托福公共微信平台:tofelielts----最新托福考试题库,最新每一场托福预测及配套完整答案范文机经,快速提高托福20-60分,最新各种不同层次基础托福考试实用成功经验,托福100以上,110以上高分实用复习备考经验,国内外最新每一场托福口语笔试蹲点题目汇总,最新托福听说读写解题方法技巧和考试诀窍,最新托福考试信息资料


雅思成绩出炉!雅思成功之路-最新实用雅思4个8,雅思4个7高分成功经验分享http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/forum-45-1.html


中国亚太,大陆地区、香港、澳门,台湾、阿联酋、迪拜、日本,韩国,泰国,以及新加坡,马来西亚、印度尼西亚等亚太地区等精准雅思A类G类真题预测机经汇总
2018年5月6月7月8月9月雅思a类g类真题预测答案范文机经http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-231231-1-1.html

雅思移民类G类考试真题预测答案范文机经总贴2018年5月6月7月8月9月(中国大陆雅思、亚太雅思、北美雅思,澳洲新西兰雅思、英国等欧洲雅思,非洲雅思、南美洲雅思)请进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-233644-1-1.html

澳洲新西兰(奥克兰,悉尼,墨尔本,堪培拉,布里斯班,阿德雷德)等亚太地区雅思预测机经2018年5月6月7月8月9月A类G类真题预测答案范文机经汇总http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-191939-1-1.html

加拿大、美国、墨西哥、格陵兰、巴拿马等国家-北美考区雅思预测机经2018年5月6月7月8月9月雅思A类G类真题预测答案范文机经汇总http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-215691-1-1.html

英国、法国、爱儿兰、德国、意大利、瑞典、挪威、芬兰、荷兰、丹麦、俄罗斯等欧洲考区雅思预测机经2018年5月6月7月8月9月A类G类真题预测答案范文机经汇总http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-190929-1-1.html

南美洲雅思考区真题预测答案:阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、圭亚那、苏里南、厄瓜多尔等南美洲考区雅思预测机经2018年5月6月7月8月9月A类G类真题预测答案范文机经汇总http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-232749-1-1.html

非洲雅思考区真题预测答案:南非、埃及、尼日利亚、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、赞比亚、科特迪瓦等非洲地区雅思预测机经2018年5月6月7月8月9月A类G类真题预测答案范文机经汇总http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-232741-1-1.html

中东地区雅思A类G类真题预测答案:沙特、伊朗、科威特、伊拉克、阿联酋、阿曼、卡塔尔、巴林、土耳其、以色列等中东雅思预测机经2018年5月6月7月8月9月雅思真题预测答案范文机经汇总请进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-236315-1-1.html  


2018年5月12日澳洲,新西兰,香港等亚太考区雅思A类笔试真题答案回忆汇总
回忆1:
小作文是线图:五个国家女性(15-64岁)雇佣率的比较 大作文Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection of wild animals, and that this money could be better spent on the human population.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
回忆2:
阅读一 诺贝尔
Alfred Nobel
The man behind the Nobel Prize
A
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all comers of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his lost will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.
B
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21. 1833. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. In connection with his construction work Immanuel Nobel also experimented with different techniques for blasting rocks. Successful in his industrial and business ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St. Petersburg. There, his sons were given a first class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences, languages and literature. By the age of 17 Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred's father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers, disliked Alfred's interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted.
C
In order to widen Alfred's horizons his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering. During a two year period Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany. France and the United States. In Paris, the city he came to like best, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist. There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. But it was considered too dangerous to be of any practical use. Although its explosive power greatly exceeded that of gunpowder, the liquid would explode in a very unpredictable manner if subjected to heat and pressure. Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine.
D
After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive. Several explosions, including one (1864) in which his brother Kmil and several other persons were killed, convinced the authorities that nitroglycerine production was exceedingly dangerous. They forbade further experimentation with nitroglycerine within the Stockholm city limits and Alfred Nobel had to move his experimentation to a barge anchored on Lake Malaren. Alfred was not discouraged and in 1864 he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine. To make the handling of nitroglycerine safer Alfred Nobel experimented with different additives. He soon found that mixing nitroglycerine with kieselguhr would turn the liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form suitable for insertion into drilling holes. In 1867 he patented this material under die name of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator (blasting cap) which could be ignited by lighting a fuse. These inventions were made at the same time as the pneumatic drill came into general use. Together these inventions drastically reduced the cost of blasting rock, drilling tunnels, building canals and many other forms of construction work.
E
The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman.Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries. Although he lived in Paris much of his life he was constantly traveling. When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities Nobel himself worked intensively in his various laboratories, first in Stockholm and later in other places. He focused on the development of explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions, including such materials as synthetic rubber and leather, artificial silk, etc. By the time of his death in 18% he had 355 patents.
F
Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for a private life. At the age of 43 he was feeling like an old man. At this time he advertised in a newspaper"Wealthy, highly-educated elder gentleman seeks lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household." The most qualified applicant turned out to be an Austrian woman. Countess Bertha Kinsky. After working a very short time for Nobel she decided to return to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades. Over the years Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promote peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner.
G
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry. Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist. They set about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions. This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.
H
Alfred Nobel's greatness lay in his ability to combine the penetrating mind of the scientist and inventor with the forward-looking dynamism of the industrialist. Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered radical views in his era. He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works. The Nobel Prizes became an extension d a fulfillment of his lifetime interests.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1     The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1895.
2     Nobel's father wanted his son to have better education than what he had had.
3     Nobel was an unsuccessful businessman.
4 Bertha von Suttner was selected by Nobel himself for the first peace prize.
5     The Nobel Foundation was established after the death of Nobel
6     Nobel's social involvement was uncommon in the 1800’s.
Questions 7-13
Complete the notes below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
Table 1
Education:
Having accumulated a great fortune in his business, Nobel's father determined to give his son the best education and sent him abroad to be trained in 7 During Nobel's study in Paris, he worked in a private laboratory, where he came in contact with a young Scientist (engineer) 8 and his invention nitroglycerine, a more powerful explosive than 9
Table 2
Benefits in construction works:
Nobel became really interested in this new explosive and experimented on it. But nitroglycerine was too dangerous and was banned for experiments within the city of 10 So Nobel had to move his experiments to a lake. To make nitroglycerine easily usable, Nobel invented dynamite along with 11 while in the meantime 12 became popular, all of which dramatically lowered the 13 of construction works

原文翻译:
A        自1901年,全球各地在物理、化学、民学、文学及和平领域作出重大贡献的人们就开始被授予诺贝尔奖。阿尔弗德•诺贝尔在1895年写下最后的一份遗嘱时,将大量的遗产留作创建诺贝尔奖,为诺贝尔奖奠定了基础
B        阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔于1833年10月21日出生于斯德哥尔摩。他的父亲伊曼纽尔•诺贝尔是位工程师兼发明家,在斯德哥尔摩建造桥梁和建筑。在建筑工程中,伊曼纽尔-诺贝尔也试验过用不同的技术爆破岩石。由于在工业和企业经营上的成功,伊曼纽尔-诺贝尔于1842年带着全家人来到圣彼得堡。 在那里,他雇请私人教师对他的孩子进行一流的教育。上课内容包括自然科学、语言和文学。到17岁时,阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔己经能讲流利的瑞典语、俄语、法语、英语和德语了。他主要的兴趣是英国文学和诗歌以及化学和物理。诺贝尔的父亲希望他的儿子们能成为工程师,继承他的事业,所以他对诺贝尔爱好诗歌这一点感到很不悦,而且他发现诺贝尔相当内向。
C        为了扩大儿子的视野,老诺贝尔送儿子出国深造化学工程。诺贝尔在两年里访问了瑞典、德国、法国和美国。他最喜欢巴黎,在那里, 他在著名的化学家T.J.佩卢兹教授的私人实验室工作。同样在那里,他认识了年轻的意大利化学家阿斯卡尼奥•索布雷罗。索布雷罗在三年前发明了爆炸能力极强的炸药一一硝化甘油。不过由于危险太大,当时没有考虑将它投入实际应用。虽然硝化甘油的爆炸力远远超过火药,但这种液体炸药在一定温度和压力的作用下会以难以预测的方式发生爆炸。诺贝尔对硝化甘油以及如何将它投入建筑工程的实际运用产生了浓厚的兴趣。他也意识到需要解决安全问题,以及如何控制硝化甘油的爆破。
D        于1863年4返瑞典后,诺贝尔开始专注于制造硝化甘油炸药。经历几次爆炸事故(包括1864年那次事故,他的弟弟埃米尔和其他几个人被炸死)后,当局认定硝化甘油产品极度危险,于是明令禁止在斯德哥尔摩进行硝化甘油试验。诺贝尔只好把他的实验搬到梅拉伦湖的一只船上进行。诺贝尔并没有因此气馁,并于1864年开始大规模生产硝化甘油。为了使硝化甘油的使用更加安全,诺贝尔用了不同的添加剂进行试验。不久后,诺贝尔发现硝化甘油可被硅藻土吸附,变成浆糊,然后可以塑造成大小合适的棒体,描进钻孔里。1867年,他将发明的炸药命名为“达那马特”(又称安全炸药)并取得专利。为了引爆这种炸药,他还发明了用导火线点燃的雷管引爆装罝。诺贝尔的这些发明问世时,恰逢风钻在大规模地被使用。这些装罝的结合大大地减少了爆破岩石、开凿隧道、挖掘河道以及其他许多建筑工程的成本。
E        诺贝尔发明的炸药和雷管的市场发展迅速,而这也证明了他是一个非常成功的企业家和商人。多年来,诺贝尔在20多个国家约90个不同的地方建立了工厂和实验室。尽管定居巴黎,但是他大部分的时间都在各地奔波。如果不是在外奔波或为商业活动应酬,诺贝尔就会在他的各个实验室(先是在斯德哥尔摩的,后来在其他地方)忙碌工作。他专注于改良爆炸技术以及其他化学发明,包括合成橡胶和皮革、人造丝等物质。到1896年诺贝尔逝世时,他已获得355项专利。
F        紧张的工作和出行使得他没有多少私人时间,到43岁时,诺贝尔觉得自己就像是个老人。于是他在报纸上刊登了一则广告,称“一个富有的、受过良好教育的老绅士寻找一位成熟女士,她要能担当秘书和管家,且有语言天赋”。结果,最合格的应聘者是奥地利的女伯爵贝莎•金斯基。在为诺贝尔工作了很短的一段时间后,她决定返回奥地利,与阿瑟•冯•苏特纳伯爵结婚。尽管如此,诺贝尔和贝莎•冯•苏特纳仍保持朋友关系,且在此后的几十年里互有通信。多年来,贝莎•冯•苏特纳越发猛烈地批评军备竞赛。她写了一本名著《放下你的武器》,还成为了和平运动的一个杰出人物。这无疑对诺贝尔产生了影响。在他的最后一份遗嘱里,诺贝尔增设了和平奖,以奖励那些促进和平的个人或团体。在诺贝尔去世的几年后,挪威议会决定把1905年的诺贝尔和平奖授予贝莎•冯•苏特纳。
G        诺贝尔于1896年12月10日在意大利的圣雷莫去世。当打开他的遗嘱时,人们大吃一惊,他们没有想到诺贝尔会把大量遗产留作表彰那些在物理、化学、生理学或医学、文学和和平方面做出重大贡献的人。诺贝尔的遗嘱执行人是两位年轻的工程师,他们分别是拉格纳,索尔曼和鲁道夫•利耶查李维斯特。他们着手成立诺贝尔基金会,来管理诺贝尔留下的金融资产,并协助颁奖机构的工作。当然,由于这份遗嘱受到诺贝尔亲戚的异议以及各国当局的质疑,他们开展的工作还是遇到了困难。
H        诺贝尔的伟大之处在于他综合了科学家、发明家的睿智和实业家的高瞻远瞩。同时,他对社会及与和平相关的问题非常感兴趣,并持有在他那个时代被认为是激进的想法。此外,诺贝尔十分爱好文学,还创作了自己的诗歌和戏剧作品。可以说,诺贝尔奖是他毕生各种兴趣的延伸和实现。
答案:
1.FALSE    2.NOT GIVEN     3.FALSE    4.FALSE    5.TRUE    6.TRUE
7.chemical engineering     8.Ascanio Sobrero     9.gunpowder
10.stockholm   11.detonator   12.pneumatic drill    13.coast
回忆3:
澳洲 大作文,老年人数量增加,有人觉得会带来问题,有人觉得老年人对社会有帮助。talk about both side and give your own opinion.
回忆4:
S1 我记得是在奥克兰 然后是牙医在hospital  上来先问phone number 然后说搬家了 要求是house with garden或者apartment with balcony   然后最大的rent 400 还想包括electricity 在bill里 需要有parking离beach近
s4 配对题好难 填空题还记得 讲supermarket的 然后有easily rush cost effective 还有配对 我记得说菜场位置摆什么 有profitable product,expensive product之类的
回忆5:
小作文:线图 五个国家女性(15-64岁)雇佣率的比较
大作文:Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection of wild animals, and that this money could be better spent on the human population.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
澳洲大作文:老年人数量增加,有人觉得会带来问题,有人觉得老年人对社会有帮助。talk about both side and give your own opinion.
回忆6:
阅读:  诺贝尔的一生及贡献
A段:诺奖的介绍及诺贝尔对诺奖的贡献
B段:诺贝尔的家庭介绍和童年经历
C段:诺贝尔对炸药消化甘油产生兴趣
D段:诺贝尔安全炸药的发明及其应用
E段:诺贝尔的生活状态和他的发明成果
F段:诺贝尔设立和平奖的缘由
G段:诺贝尔遗产的分配和诺奖的成立
H段:对诺贝尔生平成就的评价
判断6
1 The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1895. FALSE
2 Nobel's father wanted his son to havebetter education than what he had had . NOT GIVEN
3  Nobel was an unsuccessfulbusinessman. FALSE
4  Bertha von Suttner was selected byNobel himself for the first peace prize.  FALSE
5  The Nobel Foundation wasestablished after the death of Nobel   TURE
6  Nobel's social involvement wasuncommon in the 1800s.  TRUE
填空6
Education:
Having accumulated a great fortune in hisbusiness, Nobel's father determined to give his son the best education and senthim abroad to be trained in 7 chemical engineering During Nobel'sstudy in Paris, he worked in a private laboratory, where he came in contactwith a young Scientist (engineer) 8 Ascanio Sobrero and his inventionnitroglycerine, a more powerful explosive than 9 gunpowder Benefits in construction works:
Nobel became really interested in this newexplosive and experimented on it. But nitroglycerine was too dangerous and wasbanned for experiments within the city of 10 Stockholm So Nobel hadto move his experiments to a lake. To make nitroglycerine easily usable, Nobelinvented dynamite along with 11 detonator while in the mean time 12 pneumatic drill became popular, all of which dramatically loweredthe 13 cost of construction works.
回忆7:
听力
S2  儿童训练中心
1,this class is for children from 3 months to5years old.
2,it is run as a cooperative by parent
第二部分
3,课程适用于mixed age 文章说学校让各年龄的学生在一起学习
4,training 好像是说家长参加培训
5,do a special job 好像是说给孩子一个什么特殊的任务
6,家长要attend ameeting
7,家长还要多做several visits
最后一个部分
8,government fund
9,parent
10,在课程正式开始前建议家长带孩子多去几次学校,这样使孩子增加confidence

S4 超市货品摆放布局
31.manage the traffic flow
32. rush
33. random organization
34. less cost-effective
35. needmore time to select products
36. smaller areas
37. Equieter place:products need to think about
38. Fend of aisle:slow-move products
39. Amiddle of shelves:expensive products
40. Bnear the entranceprofitable products
回忆8:
阅读
第一篇: 拯救英国鱼鹰

答案:

14-20 matching
14 ii
【原文参考依据——A段首句】A段首句谈到bittern的数量在上世纪早期达到了顶峰,1950年代只有70只,1990年代就只剩不到20只了,说的正是bittern数量的波动fluctuation。
15 v
【原文参考依据——B段第二句】Our first challenge was to develop standard methods to monitor their numbers.
16 i
【原文参考依据——C段首句】Our first direct understanding of the habit needs of breeding bitterns came from comparisons of reedbedsites that had lost their booming birds with those that retained them.
17 viii
【原文参考依据——D段首句】……, we radio-tracked male bitterns on the RSPB's Minsmere and Leighton Moss reserves. reedbed芦苇地
18 vi
【原文参考依据——F段末句】So, an important element of recent studies (including a PhD with the University of Hull) has been the development of recommendations on habitat and water conditions to promote healthy native fish populations.
19 iii
【原文参考依据——G段】G段谈到了建立栖息地保护小麻鸦,使麻鸦的数量更稳定。
20 iv
【原文参考依据——E段】 第2句话利用反向思维信息”international cooperation works" 推测,如果选择该段的话,在此段应该会出现一些事情关于工作人员做了些什么,或者这个组织为这项研究工作了什么。定位到原文段落H段第2句话'although science has been at the core of the bittern story....in the uk"这句话的大意是讲:科学组织在拯救麻鸦的项目中处于至关重要的位置,但项目的成功(也就是本段开头所说:麻鸦的数量增加了,而且增加的麻鸦都是在研究项目设计的栖息地中)是与所有的管理者的努力工作密不可分的,后面又写到,保护湿地并计划建设新的工程等等都需要管理者一起努力工作。此段主要是讲这个研究项目的工作计划和发展情况,而并不是说主要在冬天为麻鸦建窝。因此这题的正确答案为iv。(而且此段后半部分建设工程是为了"wetland species"也没有提到单单是为了“bittern"所建造的,因此排除ix选项)
21-26 问答题
21 1950s
【原文参考依据——A段第三行】……numbers rose to a peak of about 70 booming (singing) males in the 1950s,……
22 (being) shy/shyness
【原文参考依据——B段首句】Bitterns have cryptic plumage and a shy nature, usually remaining hidden within the cover of reedbed vegetation.
23 starvation
【原文参考依据——F段第四行至第六行】Many chickens did not survive to fledging and starvation was found to be the most likely reason for their demise.
24 (native) fish
【原文参考依据——F段倒数第六行】The fish prey fed to chicks was dominated by those species penetrating into the reed edge.
25 partnership project /network (of sites)/ partnership project network
【原文参考依据——G段末句】A network of 19 sites developed through this partnership project will secure a more sustainable UK bittern population ……
26 Otter and brown-hare
【原文参考依据——I段最后两句】Malltraeth Reserve now forms part of the UK network of key sites for water vole ( a UK priority species ) and 12 monitoring transects have been established. Otter and brown-hare occur on the site as does the rare plant, pillwort.
27 B 文章讲的就是通过合作来保护麻鸦这一濒危物种。

第二篇:博物馆大片
Museum Blockbuster
  A
  Since the1980s, the term blockbuster has become the fashionable wordfor special spectacular museum, art gallery or science centre exhibitions. Hereis one of some existing definitions of blockbuster: put by Elsen, a blockbusteris a "large scale loan exhibition that people who normally don't go tomuseums will stand in line for hours to see". James Rosenfield, writing inDirect Marketing in 1993, has described a successful blockbuster exhibition asa "triumph of both curatorial and marketing kills" My own definitionfor blockbuster is "a popular, high profile exhibition on display for alimited period, that attracts the general public, who are prepared to bothstand in line and pay a fee in order to partake in the exhibition." Whatboth Elsen and Rosenfield omit in their descriptions of blockbusters can justeasily apply to a movie or a museum exhibition.
  B
  Merelynaming an exhibition or a movie a blockbuster however, does not make it ablockbuster. The term can only apply when the item in question has had anoverwhelmingly successful response from the public. However, in literature fromboth the UK and USA, the other words that also start to appear in descriptionsof blockbusters are "less scholarly", "non-elitist" and"popularist" Detractors argue that blockbusters are designed toappeal to the lowest common denominator, while others extol the virtues ofencouraging scholars to cooporate on projects, and to provide exhibitions thateater for a broad selection of the community rather than an elite sector.
  C
  Maintainingand increasing visitor levels is paramount in the new museology. This requirescontinued product development, not only the creation or hiring of blockbusterexhibitions, but also regular exhibition changes and innovations. In addition,the visiting publics have become customers rather than visitors, and the skillsthat are valued in museums, science centres and galleries to keep the newcustomers coming through the door have changed. High on the list ofrequirements are commercial, business, marketing and entrepreneurial skills.Curators are now administrators. Being a director of an art gallery no longerrequires an Art Degree. As succinctly summarised in the Economist in 1994,'"business nous and public relation skills" were essentialrequirements for a director, and also with the ability to compete with othermuseums to stage travelling exhibitions which draw huge crowds.
  D
  The newmuseology has resulted in the convergence of museums, the heritage industry,and tourism, profit-making and pleasure-giving. This has given rise to muchdebate about the appropriateness of adapting the activities of institutions sothat they more closely reflect the priorities of the market place and whetherit is appropriate to see museums primarily as tourist attractions At manyinstitutions you can now hold office functions in the display areas, or havedinner with the dinosaurs. Whatever commentators may think, managers ofmuseums, art galleries and science centres worldwide are looking for artfulways to blend culture and commerce, and blockbuster exhibitions are at the topof the list.
  But whileblockbusters are all part of the new museology, there is proof that you dont need a museum, science centre orart gallery to benefit from the drawing power of a blockbuster or to stage ablockbuster.
  E
  But doblockbusters held in public institutions really create a surplus to fund otheractivities? If the bottom line is profit, then according to the accountingrecords of many major museums and galleries, blockbusters do make money Forsome museums overseas, it may be the money that they need to update parts oftheir collections or to repair buildings that are in need of attention. Forothers in Australia, it may be the opportunity to illustrate that they areattempting to pay their way, by recovering part of their operating costs, orfunding other operating activities with off-budget revenue. This makes theeconomic rationalists cheerful. However, not all exhibitions that are hailed tobe blockbusters will be blockbusters, and some will not make money. It is alsounlikely that the accounting systems of most institutions will not recognisethe real cost of either creating or hiring a blockbuster.
  F
  Blockbustersrequire large capital expenditure, and draw on resources across all branches ofan organisation, however, the costs dont end there. There is a human resource management cost in addition toa measurable real dollar cost. Receiving a touringexhibition involves large expenditure as well, and draws resources from acrossfunctional management structures in project management style. Everything from ageneral labourer to a building servicing unit, the front of house, technical,promotion, education and administration staff, are required to performadditional tasks. Furthermore, as an increasing number of institutions inAustralia try their hand at increasing visitor numbers, memberships and thereforerevenue, by staging blockbuster exhibitions, it may be less likely thatblockbuster s will continue to provide a surplus to subsidise other activitiesdue to the competitive nature of the market There are only so many consumerdollars to go around, and visitors will need to choose between blockbusterproducts.
  G
  Unfortunately,when the bottom-line is the most important objective to the mourning ofblockbuster exhibitions, this same objective can be hard to maintain Creating,mounting or hiring blockbusters is exhausting for staff, with the real coststhroughout an institution difficult to calculate. Although the direct aims maybe financial, creating or hiring a blockbuster has many positive spin-offs: byraising their profile through a popular blockbuster exhibition, a museum willbe seen in a more favorable light at budget time Blockbusters mean crowds, andcrowds are good for the local economy, providing increased employment forshops, hotels, restaurants, the transport industry and retailers Blockbustersexpose staff lo the vagaries and pressures of the market place, and may lead tocreative excellence. Either the success or failure of a blockbuster mayhighlight the need for managers and policy makers to rethink their strategies.However, the new museology and the apparent trend towards blockbusters make itlikely that museums, art galleries and particularly science centres will beseen as part of the entertainment and tourism industry, rather than as culturalicons deserving of government and philanthropic support.
H
perhaps the best pathway to take is onethat balances both blockbusters and regular exhibitons. However, this easymiddle ground may only work if you have enough space, and have alternatesources of funding to contiune to support the regular less exciting fare.Perhaps the advice should be to make sure that your regular activities andexhibitions are more enticing, and find out what your local community wantsfrom you. The question (trend) now at most museums and science centres, is"What blockbusters can we tour to overseas venues and will it be costeffective?"

答案:
单选4:
1. C     2. A     3. A     4. C
填空4
5. customers
6. pubic relationship skills
7. museology/ (the new) musseology
8. tourist attractions
多选2:
9. A      10. C
多选3:   
11. C    12. E    13. G

第三篇:The power of nothing
回忆9:
回忆10:



为更好地促进做好Edward艾华师最新预测,请烤鸭们积极回忆在本文下面评论栏目里面,请尽量详细,并标明城市考点,A/G类,听力,阅读,大小作文,谢谢!特请亚太其他国家,欧洲,北美,南美,非洲等其他考区的烤鸭们也积极回忆吧


2018年5月5日雅思考试总体反馈:2018年5月5日雅思命中听力三部分旧题,命中大小作文、命中阅读两旧、口语大部分真题原题,5月5日雅思全面大中,全面开花!(本次无G类考试)祝贺IPN会员将出现不少雅思高分人才!总体反馈请复制链接进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-238311-1-1.htmlhttp://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/forum-36-1.htmlhttp://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/forum-39-1.html

特别提醒:雅思考试20多年来,有非常严格的规律性和出题思路。全世界有6大考区,而只有一个剑桥考试中心几个人在出题,每个考区一周平均要出一份考卷,一个月出24份考卷,考官如何保证达到难度一样呢,如何保证新题难度、准确度和评价机制公平呢,所以只能是20年来的题库旧题目的有效组合,新题不能超出5-10%,每份雅思卷子都是95%-99%以上旧题原题真题。多年雅思考官和专家Edward老师非常熟悉雅思出题规律和听说读写题库出题组合卷子的秘诀,IPN资料因此而诞生!具体请阅读http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-32-1-1.html







欢迎光临 雅思托福英语全球网 (http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/) Powered by Discuz! X3.2