回忆1：
阅读
第一篇：otters(水獭)
A
Otters are scmiaqualic (or in the case ofthe sea otter, aquatic) monirnals. rHiey ure mi'inbers of the Mustelid familywhich includes badgers, polecats, martens, weasels, stoats an have inluibitedthe earth for the last 30 million years and over the years have undergonesubtle changes to the carnivore bodies to exploit the rich aquatic environment.Otters have long liiin body and short legs~ideal for pushing dense undergrowthor hunting in tunnels. An adult male may be up to 4 feet long and 30 pounds.Females are smaller, around 16 pounds typically. The Eurasian otter noseis about ihc smallest among the otter species and has a characteristic shapedescribed as a shidlow "W".An otter's tail (or rudder, or stern) isstoul at tlie base and tapers towards the tip where il flattens. ITiis formspart of the propulsion unit when swimming fast under water. Oder fur consistsof iwo types of hair: stout guard hairs which form a waterproof outer covering,and undcrfiir which is dense and fine，equivalent to an otter's thermal underwear. The fur must hekept in good condition by grooming. Sea water reduces the waterproofing andinsulating qualities of otter fur when salt water gets in the fur. This is whyfreshwater pools are important to otters living on the coast. After swimming,they wash the salts ofT in the pools and then squirm on the ground to rubdry against vegetation.
B
Scent is used for hunting on land, forcommunication and for detecting danger. Otterine sense of smell is likely tosimilar in sensitivity to dogs. Otters have small eyes and arc probablyshort-siglited on land. Bui they do have the ability to modify the shape of thelens in the eye to make it more spherical, and hence overcome the refraction ofwater In clear water and good liglit, otters can hunt fish by sight. Theotter's eyes and nostrils are placed high on its head so that it c-an see andbreulhc oven when the rest of die body is submerg'd, "The long whiskersgrowing iinmnd the muzzle are used to detect the presence of fish. They detectregular vihrutions cruised by the beat of the fish's tail as it swims awuy.I'his tdlows otters to hunt even in very murky water. Underwater, the otterholds its legs against the body, except for steering, and the hind end of thebody is flexed in a series of vertical undulations. River otters have webbingwhich extends for much of the length of each digit, though not lo the veryend. Giant otters ami sea otters have even more prominent webs, while the Asianshort-clawed otter lias no webbing-they hunt for shrimps in ditches and paddyfields so they need the swimming speed. Otter ears are protected by valveswhich close them against water pressure.
C
A number of constraints and preferenceslimit suitable liabitats for otters. Water is a must and the rivers mustbe large enough to support a healthy population of fish. Being suchshy and wary creatures. they will prefer territories where mail'sactivities do nol impinge grcally. Of course, there must also be no other otteralready in residence-this has only become significant again recently aspopulalions start to recover. A typical range for a mule river otter might he 25kmof river, a female's range loss than half this. I lowcver, ihc pnMluclivity ofthe river affecls ihis hugely and one sitidy found male ranges between 12 and80km. Coastal oilers havr a mucli more abundant Uwd supply aiul ranges formales and females may be just a few kilometers of coastline. Because maleranges are usually larger, a male otter may find his range overlaps with two orthree females. Otters will eat anytliing that they can get hold of there arerecords of sparrows and snakes and slugs gobbled. Apart from fish the mostcommon prey are crayfish, oralis and water birds. Small munmmls areoccasionally taken, most mmmonly rabbits but soinelimes even moles.
D
Eurasian otters will bretnJ any time wherefood is readily available. In places where condition is more severe, Sweden forexample where the lakes are frozen for much of winter, cubs arc bom in Spring,This ensures that they are wdl grown before severe weather returns. In theShetlands. cubs are bam in summer when fish is more abundant. Though otters canbreed every year, some do not. Again, this depends on food availability. Otherfactors such as food range and quality of the female muy have an effect.Gestation for Eurasian otter is 63 days, with the exception of North Americanriver otter whose embryos may undergo delayed implantation.
E
Otters normally give birth in more securedens to avoid disturbances. Nests are linceing the most common). For someunknown reason, a^astal otters lend to produce smaller litters. At five weeksthey open their eyes~a liny cub of 700g. At seven weeks they're weaned ontosolid food. At five weeks they leave the nest, blinking into daylight forthe first time. After three months they finally meet the water and learn toswim. After eight months they are hunting, though the mother still provides alot of food herself. Finally, after nine months she ttan chase them all awaywith a clear conscience, and relax-until the next fella shows up.
F
The plight of the British oiler wasrecognised in the early 60s,but it wasn^t until the late 70s that ihe chiefcause was discovered. Pcslicides. such as diddrin and aldriiu were first usedin 1955 in iigriculture and other industries--these clicmiads are verypersistenl and liad already been recognised as the muse of huge declines in thepopulation of ficregrinc falcons, sparrowhawks and oilier predators. Thepesticides entered the river systems and the foodchain-micro-organisms. fish and finally otters, with every step increasingihc concentration of the chemicals. From 1962 the chemicals were phased out,but while some species recovered quickly, otter numbers did not and continuedto fall into the 80s/niis was probably mainly to habitat destruction and roaddeaths. Acting on popuIations fragmented by the sudden decimalion in the 50sand 60s, the loss of just a handful of otters in one area can make anentire population unviable and spoil the end.
G
Otter numkiers anr recovering all aroundBritain--populations arc growing again in the few areas where they had remainedand have expanded from those areas into the rest of the country. Thisis almost entirely due to law and conservation efforts, slowing downand reversing the destruction of suitable otter habitat and reintroductionsfrom captive breeding programs. Releasing captive-bred otters is seen by manyas a last resort, The argument runs that where there is no suitable habitat forthem they will not survive after release and when there is suitable habitat,natural populations should be able lo expand inlo the area. However, reintroducinganimals into a fragmented and fragile population may add just enough im|petusfor it to stabilise and expand, rather than die out. This is what the OtterTrust accomplished the 1980s. The Otter Trust has now finished its captivebreeding program entirely. Great news because it means it is no longer needed.
题目：
Questions 1-9 Reading Passage 1 has sevenparagraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the followinginformation?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-9on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 A description of how otters regulatevision underwater
2 The fit-for-purpose characteristics ofotter's body shape
3 A reference to an underdeveloped sense
4 An explanation of why agriculture failedin otter conservation efforts
5 A description of some of the otter’ssocial characteristics
6 A description of how baby otters grow
7 The conflicted opinions on how topreserve
8 A reference to a legislative act
9 An explanation of how otters compensatefor heat loss
Questions 10-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from thepassage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on youranswer sheet
10 What affects the outer fur of otters?
11 What skill is not necessary for Asianshort-clawed otters?
12 Which type of otters has the shortestrange?
13 Which type of animals do otters huntoccasionally?
答案：
1. B 2. C 3.A 4.F 5.C 6. D 7. F 8.G
9.A 10. Salt 11.swimming 12. Coastal otter 13.Moles
第二篇：Futurism
第三篇：high speed photography
A.
Photography gained the interest of manyscientists and artists from its inception. Scientists have used photography torecord and study movements. Photography is used by amateurs to preservememories, to capture special moments, to tell stories, to send messages, and asa source of entertainment. Various technological improvements and techniqueshave been allowed for visualizing events that are too fast or too slow for thehuman eyes.
B.
One of such techniques is called high-speedphotography or professionally known as time-lapse. Time lapse photography isthe perfect technique for capturing events and movements in the natural worldthat occur over a timescale too slow for human perception to follow. This lifecycle of a mushroom, for example, is incredibly subtle to the human eye. Topresent its growth in from of audiences, the principle applied is a simple one:a series of photographs are taken and used in sequence to make a moving-imagefilm, but since each frame is taken with a lapse at a time interval betweeneach shot, when played back at normal speed, a continuous action is producedand it appears to speed up. Put simply: we are shrinking time. Objects andevents that would normally take several minutes, days or even months can beviewed to completion in second having been sped up by factors of tens to millions.
C.
Another commonly used technique ishigh-speed photography, the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena.High-speed photography can be considered to be the opposite of time-lapsephotography. Imagine a hummingbird hovering almost completely still in the air,feeding on nectar. With every flap, its wings bend, flex and change shape.These subtle movements precisely control the lift its wings generate, making itan excellent hoverer. But a hummingbird flaps its wings up to 80 times everysecond. The only way to truly capture this motion is with cameras that will, ineffect, slow down time. To do this, a greater length of film is taken at a highsampling frequency or frame rate, which is much faster than it will beprojected on screen. When replayed at normal speed, time appears to be sloweddown proportionately.
D.
A film camera normally records images attwenty four frames per second. During each 1/24th of a second, the film isactually exposed to light for roughly half the time. The rest of the time, itis hidden behind the shutter. Thus exposure time for motion picture film isnormally calculated to be one 48th of a second (1/48 second, often rounded to1/50 second). Adjusting the shutter angle on a film camera (if its designallows), can add or reduce the amount of motion blur by changing the amount oftime that the film frame is actually exposed to light. In time-lapsephotography, the camera records images at a specific slow interval such as oneframe every thirty seconds (1/30 frame/s). In long exposure time-lapse, theexposure time will approximate the effects of a normal shutter angle.
E.
But things cannot get any more complicatedin the case of filming a frog catching its prey. Frogs can snatch up prey in afew thousandths of a second-striking out with elastic tongues. But this allhappened too fast, 50 times faster than an eye blink. So naturally peoplethought of using high-speed camera to capture this Fantastic movement in slowmotion. Yet one problem still remains- viewers would be bored if they watch thefrog swim in slow motion for too long. The solution is a simple one-adjust theplayback speed, which is also called by some the film speed adjustment.
F.
Sometimes taking a good picture orshooting a good film is not all abouttechnology, but patience,like in a case of bat. Bats are small, dark-colored; they fly fast and areactive only at night. To capture bats on film, one must use some type ofcamera-tripping device. Photographers or film-makers often place camera nearthe bat cave, on the path of the flying bats. The camera must be hard-wiredwith a tripping device so that every time a bat breaks the tripping beam thecamera fires and it will keep doing so through the night until the camera’s battery runs out.
G .
Is it science? Since the techniquewas first pioneered around two hundred years ago, photography has developed toa state where it is almost unrecognizable. Some people would even say thefuture of photography will be nothing like how we imagine it. No matter whatfuture it may hold, photography will continue to develop as it has been repeatedlydemonstrated in many aspects of our life that ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’.
Questions & Answers
Questions 27-30 Matching
27. Mushroom ----------- B
28. Hummingbird ----------- E
29. Frog ----------- D
30. Bat ----------- C
A. An inspiration of using high-speedphotography
B. The action is too slow to bevisible to human eyes
C. Films should be shot at the placewhere the animal will pass
D. The filming speed should beadjusted to make it more interesting
E. The action would be too fast to beperceived without using camera
F. The action would be too slow to becaptured
Questions 31-36 Summary
Time-lapse
Time-lapse photography is the perfecttechnique for capturing events and movements in the natural world that occurover a timescale too slow for human perception to follow. Photographers takeeach picture at a 31. time interval before takinganother picture. When these pictures are finally shown on screen in sequence ata normal motion picture rate, audiences see a 32. continuous action thatis faster than what is naturally is. This technique can make audiences feel asif 33. shrink the time.
High-speed photography
High-speed photography refers to the use ofhigh-speed cameras that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as toappear to freeze the motion. It demonstrates how fast things move, the movementis exposed on a 34. greater length of film, and then35. projected on screen at normal playback speed. Thismakes viewers feel time is 36. slowed down proportionately.
Questions 37-40 Matching
Which paragraph contains the followinginformation?
37. contrasting reasons about why humancannot see some of the action ---- A
38. a description about the problems ofhigh-speed photography ---- D
39. an example of capture by using cameraswhich cannot be moved ---- F
40. a description about watchingcontinuously without excitement ---- E
答案：
27. B 28. E 29.D 30.C
31. time interval 32.continuous action 33. shrink 34.greater length
35.projected 36. slowed down proportionately 37.A 38.D 39.F 40.E
回忆2：
小作文：柱图+饼图 各一张 三个地区香蕉出口的情况 香蕉出口价格的组成部分
大作文 technology 对于年轻人比老年人更好得到工作
回忆3：
小作文：柱图+饼图 进口香蕉
大作文：The increase use of technology in workplace. Some people find that it is good for young people's propects of gaining job and more harder for old people.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
回忆4：
听力
S1 讲一个电话里预定度假
1.prefer location area: the Northeast
2.try to avoid: peak season
3.length of stay: a weekend
4.must be very quiet
5.a good beach for children
6. a restaurant nearby
7.prefer a qarden insteda of a bolcony
8.personal detail nema: Mrs. Cheffins
9.contact number: 0192477285
10. where she saw the ads: the Magazine ofthe Countryside Living
S2 话题： 电动玩具公司的介绍。 一个公司的介绍，全选择人名对应的职位功能。
11. Something about the company's history -A. quickly established
12. 为什么要招人？ - A. to develop newproducts or C. cater for more customers 本题有争议
13. 人们工作时间长 - B. half a year
14. 大部分职位 the biggest numberof positions are in? - B. Package
15. 出现问题的环节是？ -C. pay slow
配对题：
主要负责人各自负责的区域：
16. 第一个人 -wages
17. 第二个人 - production
18. 第三个人 - maintenance
19. 第四个人 - computer
20. 第五个人 - maintaincustomer relationship
S3 音乐缓解压力
21. Why do S and Tina choose the topic ofrock music in the experiment?
A. this will be useful for measurableresults
22. Why does Tina say about the …?
C. it has been updated recently
23. What does S say about adding statisticsin the bibliography?
C. She thinks it will help her with thefigures
24. What does the Warwick university…?
B .physical results
25. What was the university of Sydney inAustralia…?
A. the relationship between music andrelaxation
26. The university of Iowa?
B. the number of people used was too small
27-30 搭配题
27.problems with the written questionnaire:E get other material from the internet
28. problems with disturbance noiseheadphones: F borrow equipment
29. limits of CD players：A get help from technicians
30.short time for report writing: D dividethe workload
S4: 艺术品保存
31.sun
32.temperature
33.wax
34.liquid
35.cotton
36.water
37.frame
38.microscopes
39.crack
40.saliva
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为更好地促进做好Edward艾华师最新预测,请烤鸭们积极回忆在本文下面评论栏目里面,请尽量详细,并标明城市考点,A/G类,听力,阅读,大小作文,谢谢！特请亚太其他国家,欧洲,北美,南美,非洲等其他考区的烤鸭们也积极回忆吧
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