1. D
【原文参考依据-k 末句】Eventually,farmersmay incorporate long-term weather forecasts into their planning as well,so thatthey can cut back on fertisilier use when the weather is likely to make harvestspoor anyway,says Ron Olson,an agronomist with Cargill Fertilizer inTampa,Florida.最终农民可以长期天气预报来使用肥料。美国佛罗里达州坦帕市嘉吉化肥公司的农学家Ronlon认为在糟糕的天气可能会使庄家减产的时候，可以减少肥料的使用。
2. B
【原文参考依据-I 】research manager atthe Rodale Institute in Kutztown,Pennsylvania,recently complied the results ofsuch comparisons for corn,wheat ,soybeans and tomatoes in the us and found thatorganic fields averaged between 94 and 100 per cent of the yields of nearbyconventional crops.美国的玉米，小麦，黄豆和番茄的比较研究结论，发现有机农场的产量几乎是传统农场作物的94%-100%.
3. C
【原文参考依据-A 】末句 That view wasechoed in January by the Curry report, a government panel that surveyed thefuture of farming and food in Britain.
4. A【原文参考依据-j 】This is the biggestcost of organic farming.这是有机农业最大的成本。
5. YES 【请看以下说明】
第一段中部因印刷原因，漏印这样几句话：对此表示抱歉，请大家添加以下原话，15题出题点就在其中：处在prairie 和 agriculture之间：
Findingfood for all those people will tax farmers'--and researchers'--ingenuity to thelimit. Yet already, precious aquifers that provide irrigation water for some ofthe world's most productive farmlands are drying up or filling with seawater,and arable land in China is eroding to create vast dust storms that reddensunsets as far away as North America.
6. NO
【原文参考依据-C 】Not so, The key issustainability.C段开始并不是这样，答案在于可持续性。
7. NOTGIVEN
8. YES
【原文参考依据-G末句】so they are verygood at building soil fertility by working crop residues and manure into thesoil,rotating grain with legumes that fix atmospheric nitrogen,and othertechniques.所以他们很擅长将作物的残渣和肥料放回土壤，谷物和豆类植物的轮值以固定大气中的氮等做法来使得土壤肥沃。
9. NO
【原文参考依据-L】第二行But strict ''organicagriculture'' ,which prohibits certain technologies and allows others,isn'talways better for the environment .但严格意义上的“有机农业”是禁止任何特定技术的使用，这对于环境并没有什么好处。
10.farming
【原文参考依据-A】第六行 old farmingpractices,especially if we want to do it.......
11. curry
【原文参考依据-A】倒数第二行view was echoed inJanuary by theCurry report,a government panel that surveyed the future offarming and food in Britain.
12.natural/organic
【原文参考依据-D】第三句And its emphasis onbuilding up naturalecosystems seems to be good for everyone.
13.chemical
【原文参考依据-E】第四行the organicversus-chemical debate focus on the wrong question.
A
One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook onthe day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his thirdexpedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islandsacross the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes ofEaster Island. This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north fromthe Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the old Polynesiansback on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook's surprise, then, when thenatives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in afamiliar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land hehad visited. Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, helater wondered in his journal: "How shall we account for this Nationspreading it self so far over this Vast ocean?"
B
Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startlingarchaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu,has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today'sPolynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries therehave also opened a window into the shadowy world of those early voyagers. Atthe same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikelyplaces. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific andfrom sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more thana thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across theentire Pacific.
C
"What we have is a first- or second-generationsite containing the graves of some of the Pacific's first explorers," saysSpriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University andco-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light onlyby luck. A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelictcoconut plantation, scraped open a grave - the first of dozens in a burialground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in thePacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologistscall the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where alandmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daringblue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also aspioneers, bringing along everything they would need to build new lives - theirfamilies and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.
D
Within the span of a few centuries the Lapitastretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of PapuaNew Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at least 2,000 mileseastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square milesof unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands neverbefore seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.
E
What little is known or surmised about them has beenpieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, andsuch oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Althoughtheir voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea,their language - variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific - camefrom Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created bypressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northernPhilippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume ofdata available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at least62 individuals have been uncovered so far - including old men, young women,even babies - and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologistswere also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots; before this, only fourhad ever been found. Other discoveries included a burial urn with modeled birdsarranged on the rim as though peering down at the human bones sealed inside.It's an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies theremains as Lapita. "It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren'tLapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapitaurn."
F
Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs'sconclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyagesinto the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating ofbones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, thechemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that therock wasn't local; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua NewGuinea's Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita's thrust into thePacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teethof several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answerone of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacificislanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migrationfrom a single point in Asia, or several from different points? "Thisrepresents the best opportunity we've had yet," says Spriggs, "tofind out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who theirclosest descendants are today."
G
There is one stubborn question for which archaeologyhas yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancientequivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of theircanoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do theoral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for theysegue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita."All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that werecapable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them," saysGeoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and anavid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed downover thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through thearchipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands withinsight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meantcrossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the greatblue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such arisky voyage?
H
The Lapita's thrust into the Pacific was eastward,against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, heargues, may have been the key to their success. "They could sail out fordays into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if theydidn't find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on thetrade winds. It's what made the whole thing work." Once out there, skilledseafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles,coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup ofclouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Someislands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloudbank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the mostexplosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would havesent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash forhundreds of miles. It's possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distantislands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land.For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their ownarchipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their homeports and sailing off into eternity.
I
However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a thirdof the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only tothem. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps theywere too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered morethan a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward theyencountered hundreds of islands - more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more thana millennium would pass before the Lapita's descendants, a people we now callthe Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the informationgiven in Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write YES,if the statement agrees with the views of the writer, write NO, ifthe statement contradicts the views of the writer, write NOT GIVEN,if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1 Captain cook once expected the Hawaii might speakanother language of people from other pacific islands.
2 Captain cook depicted number of cultural aspects ofPolynesians in his journal.
3 Professor Spriggs and his research team went to theEfate to try to find the site of ancient cemetery.
4 The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 milesin a period less than a centenary.
5 The Lapita were the first inhabitants in manypacific islands.
6 The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once beenused for cooking.
7 The urn buried in Efate site was plain as it waswithout any decoration.
Questions 8-10
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs ofReading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the ReadingPassage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.
Scientific Evident found in Efate site
Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found inthe buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet the 8 covering manyof the Efate site did not come from that area. Then examinations carried out onthe 9 discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was anative living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita's nearestpresent-days 10 .
Questions 11-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR ANUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answersheet.
What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed theoceans?
What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed theoceans? 11
In Irwins's view, what would the Latipa have relied onto bring them fast back to the base? 12
Which sea creatures would have been an indication tothe Lapita of where to find land? 13
答案:
1 YES
2 NO
3 NO
4 NOT GIVEN
5 YES
6 NOT GIVEN
7 NO
8 rock
9 teeth
10 descendants
11 canoes
12 (the) trade winds
13 seabirds and turtles
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