阅读
Passage1：卡内基的一生
1-8 填空
9-13 判断
9.NOTGIVEN
10.TRUE
11.FALSE
12.NOTGIVEN
13.FALSE
Passage2：澳大利亚濒临消失的语言
Save Endangered Language拯救濒危语言（文化类）
“Obviously we must do some serious rethinking of ourpriorities, lest linguistics go down in history as the only science thatpresided obviously over the disappearance of 90percent of the very field towhich it is dedicated. “-Michael Krauss, “The World’s Languages in Crisis ”.
A
Ten years ago Michael Krauss sent a shudder through the discipline oflinguistics with his prediction that half the 6,000 or so languages spoken inthe world would cease to be uttered within a century. Unless scientists andcommunity leaders directed a worldwide effort to stabilize the decline of locallanguages, he warned, nine tenths of the linguistic diversity of humankindwould probably be doomed to extinction. Krauss’sprediction was little more than an educated guess, but other respectedlinguists had been clanging out similar alarms. Keneth L. Hale of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology noted in the same journal issue thateight languages on which he had done fieldwork had since passed intoextinction. A 1990 survey in Australia found that 70 of the 90 survivingAboriginal languages were no longer used regularly by all age groups. The samewas true for all but 20 of the 175 Native American languages spoken orremembered in the US., Krauss told a congressional panel in 1992.
B
Many experts in the field mourn the loss of rare languages, for severalreasons. To start, there is scientific self-interest: some of the most basicquestions in linguistics have to do with the limits of human speech, which arefar from fully explored. Many researchers would like to know which structuralelements of grammar and vocabulary—if any—are truly universal and probably therefore hardwiredinto the human brain. Other scientists try to reconstruct ancient migrationpatterns by comparing borrowed words that appear in otherwise unrelatedlanguages. In each of these cases, the wider the portfolio of languages youstudy, the more likely you are to get the right answers.
C
Despite the near constant buzz in linguistics about endangered languages over thepast 10 years, the field has accomplished depressingly little. “You would think that there would be some organizedresponse to this dire situation,” someattempt to determine which language can be saved and which should b edocumented before they disappear, says Sarah G. Thomason, a linguist at theUniversity of Michigan at Ann Arbor. “But thereisn’tany such effort organized in theprofession. It is only recently that it has become fashionable enough to workon endangered languages.”Six years ago, recalls Douglas H. Whalen ofYale University, “when I asked linguists who wasraising moneyto deal with these problems, I mostly got blank stares.”So Whalen and a few other linguists founded theEndangered Languages Fund. In the five years to 2001 they were able to collectonly $80,000 for research grants. A similar foundation in England, directed byNicholas Ostler, has raised just $8,000 since 1995.
D
But there are encouraging signs that the field has turned a corner. TheVolkswagen Foundation, a German charity, just issued its second round of grantstotaling more than $2 million. It has created a multimedia archive at theMaxPlanck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands that can houserecordings, grammars, dictionaries and other data on endangered languages. Tofill the archive, the foundation has dispatched field linguists to documentAweti (100 or so speakers in Brazil), Ega (about 300 speakers in Ivory Coast),Waima’a (a few hundred speakers in East Timor),and a dozen or so other languages unlikely to survive the century. The FordFoundation has also edged into the arena. Its contributions helped toreinvigorate a master-apprentice program created in 1992 byLeanne Hinton ofBerkeley and Native Americans worried about the imminent demise of about 50indigenous languages in California. Fluent speakers receive $3,000 to teach ayounger relative (who is also paid) their native tongue through 360 hours ofshared activities, spread over six months. So far about 5 teams have completedthe program, Hinton says, transmitting at least some knowledge of 25 languages.“It’s too early to call this languagerevitalization,”Hinton admits. “In California the death rate of elderly speakers willalways be greater than the recruitment rate of young speakers. But at least weprolong the survival of the language.”That willgive linguists more time to record these tongues before they vanish.
E
But the master-apprentice approach hasn’t caughton outside the U.S., and Hinton’s effort is a drop in the sea. At least 440languages have been reduced to a mere handful of elders, according to theEthnologue, a catalogue of languages produced by the Dallas-based group SILInternational thatcomes closest to global coverage. For the vast majority ofthese languages, there is little or no record of their grammar, vocabulary,pronunciation or use in daily life. Even if a language has been fullydocumented, all that remains once it vanishes from active use is a fossilskeleton, a scattering of features that the scientist was lucky and astuteenough to capture. Linguists may be able to sketch an outline of the forgottenlanguage and fix its place on the evolutionary tree, but little more. “How did people start conversations and talk to babies?Howdid husbands and wives converse?”Hinton asks.“Those are the first things you want to learn when youwant to revitalize the language.”
F
But there is as yet no discipline of “conservationlinguistics, ”as there is forbiology. Almost everystrategy tried so far has succeeded in some places but failed in others, andthere seems to be no way to predict with certainty what will work where. Twentyyears ago in New Zealand, Maori speakers set up “languagenests,”in which preschoolers were immersed in thenative language. Additional Maori-only classes were added as the childrenprogressed through elementary and secondary school. A similar approach wastried in Hawaii, with some success—the numberof native speakers has stabilized at 1,000 or so, reports Joseph E. Grimes ofSIL International, who is working on Oahu. Students can now get instruction inHawaiian all the way through university.
G
One factor that always seems to occur in the demise of a language is that thespeakers begin to have collective doubts about the usefulness of languageloyalty. Once they start regarding their own language as inferior to themajority language, people stop using it for all situations. Kids pick up on theattitude andprefer the dominant language. In many cases, people don’t notice until they suddenly realize that their kidsnever speak the language, even at home. This is how Cornish and some dialectsof Scottish Gaelic is still only rarely used for daily home life in Ireland, 80years after the republic was founded with Irish as its first official language.
H
Linguists agree that ultimately, the answer to the problem of languageextinction is multilingualism. Even uneducated people can learn severallanguages, as long as they start as children. Indeed, most people in the worldspeak more than one tongue, and in places such as Cameroon (279 languages),Papua New Guinea (823) and India (387) it is common to speak three or fourdistinct languages and a dialect or two as well. Most Americans and Canadians,to the west of Quebec, have a gut reaction that anyone speaking another languagein front of them is committing an immoral act. You get the same reaction inAustralia and Russia. It is no coincidence that these are the areas wherelanguages are disappearing the fastest. The first step in saving dyinglanguages is to persuade the world’smajorities to allow the minorities among them to speak with their own voices.
Questions 27-33
The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A-H
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-H from the list below.Write thecorrect number, i-xi, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i data consistency needed for language the SI TER
ii Solution for dying out language
iii positive gains for protection
iv minimum requirement for saving a language
v Potential threat to minority language
vi Value of minority language to linguists.
vii native language program launched
viii Subjective doubts as a negative factor
ix Practise in several developingcountries
x Value of minority language to linguists.
xi government participation in language field
27 Paragraph A
28 Paragraph B
29Paragraph D
30Paragraph E
31Paragraph F
32Paragraph G
33Paragraph H
Questions 34-38
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F) withopinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 34-38 onyour answer sheet.
A Nicholas Ostler
B Michael Krauss
C Joseph E. Grimes
D Sarah G. Thomason
E Keneth L. Hale
F Douglas H. Whalen
34 Reported language conservation practice in Hawaii
35 Predicted that many languages would disappear soon
36 Experienced languages die out personally
37 Raised language fund in England
38 Not enough effort on saving until recent work
Questions 39-40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.
39 What is purpose of master-apprentice program sponsored by The FordFoundation?
A Teach children how to speak
B Revive endangered language
C Preserve endanger red language
D Increase communication between students
40 What should majority language speaker should do according to the lastparagraph?
A They should teach their children endangered language
B They should learn at least four languages
C They should show their loyalty to a dying language
D They should be more tolerant to minority language speaker
答案
27 v, 28 x, 29 iii， 30 i， 31vii， 32 viii， 33 ii
34 C 35 B 36 E 37 A 38. D 39.C 40.D
Passage3：大数据小作文：折线图
四组不同年龄段人群每个月去电影院人数占比情况
大作文：
Many employees can now do their work from home using modern technology. However,this change may only benefit workers, not the employers. To what extent do youagree or disagree?
范文
Your original statement is quite concise, but let's enrich it by adding more detail,varied vocabulary, and complex grammatical structures to enhance your IELTSwritingn of modern technology has enabled a significant number of employees toperform their duties remotely from home. While some argue that this shiftpredominantly benefits workers rather than employers, I believe that bothparties stand to gain from such arrangements, albeit in different ways.
On one hand, remote working offers employees a multitude of advantages. For instance,they can enjoy a more flexible schedule, which allows them to better balancepersonal and professional commitments. Additionally, commuting time iseliminated, contributing to reduced stress levels and increased jobsatisfaction. These factors often translate into higher productivity andimproved mental health for the workforce.
the other hand, employers also reap substantial benefits from allowing staff towork from home. Firstly, businesses can reduce overhead costs associated withmaintaining large office spaces, including rent, utilities, and supplies.Furthermore, remote work can serve as an attractive incentive to recruit toptalent, as it appeals to a wide range of candidates seeking flexibility.Lastly, studies have shown that employees who work from home tend to be moreproductive due to fewer distractions and a more comfortable work environment.
whileit may initially appear that remote working benefits employees more thanemployers, the reality is that both sides experience notable advantages. Thekey lies in implementing effective strategies to ensure that these arrangementsare mutually beneficial and contribute positively to both individual well-beingandnThis version includes a clearer introduction, detailed examples, and abalanced conclusion, along with a variety of vocabulary and sentence structures to improve your IELTS score.
小作文：折线图四组不同年龄段人群每个月去电影院人数占比情况
大作文：Many employees can now do their work from home using modern technology. However, this change may only benefit workers,not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
建议思路：I disagree只对员工有利
不可否认，(Undeniably) 在家工作 (working from home) 对员工和雇主都有挑战 (challenges)。员工的自我管理能力 (self-management skills) 需要提升，从而避免消极怠工 (avoid slacking off)。其次，雇主对员工的监督 (supervision) 和管理 (management) 也不够直接，有可能会影响管理效率 (management efficiency) 和工作质量 (work quality)。但只要找到合适的方式例如和工作细分 (job segmentation) 和定期汇报 (regular reporting)，这种工作方式对雇主和员工都是有利的。
远程办公 (remote working) 对雇员是有很多好处的。
1. 员工在家工作可以节省通勤时间 (save commuting time)，提高工作效率 (improve work efficiency)，对员工来说是有利的。
2. 在家工作可以提供更加灵活的工作时间 (flexible working hours)，有助于员工平衡工作和生活 (balance work and life)，提高员工的工作满意度 (job satisfaction)。
3. 在家工作可以减少办公室的人际冲突 (reduce office conflicts)，有助于员工保持良好的心态 (maintain a good mentality)。
远程办公对雇主也有很多好处。
1. 在家工作也可以为雇主节省办公空间和设备的费用 (save office space and equipment costs)，降低运营成本 (reduce operating costs)。
2. 在家工作可以提高员工的工作效率和满意度，从而提高员工的工作表现 (improve job performance)，对雇主来说也是有利的。
3. 在家工作可以扩大雇主的招聘范围 (expand the recruitment range)，不再受地理位置的限制 (not limited by geographicallocation)，有助于雇主找到更优秀的员工 (find more excellent employees)。
In conclusion, 我不同意这种变化只对员工有利的观点 (only benefits employees)。
虽然在家工作可能会带来一些挑战，如员工的自我管理能力，以及雇主对员工的监督和管理，但只要妥善处理 (properly handled)，这种工作方式对雇主和员工都是有利的。
听力
Part 1 New Places to Study with Children
难易度: 一般题型：填空
1. Afamily ticket is $65
2. Thefastest bus takes about 40 minutes.
3. Youcan hold some animals and have a photo for a small fee.
4. Dan Rosie isperforming at the event, adding excitement and entertainment to the occasion.
5.Performances run from Tuesday to saturday
6. Thereis a discount on tickets for Monday night's preview
7. Go tothe city centre museum to see a special exhibition.
8. Dooriginal-we'll need to take a small 8 box
9. Gosnorkelling at Salty Lake -it's on the ocean side of the island.
10. Heis not allowed to camp on the island
Part 2：Choirs are discussing their achievement andcharacteristics
难易度：一般题型：匹配+选择
11. madesome special music-C(classical music)
12.organized some social events. A(new friends through music)
13. wonsome musical prize-B
14.recorded a CD recently-C
15. didsome charity-A help disable persons
16-20Choose a correct letter A, B or C
16. whythey built the dinging club? Because A
A.(havea rest/break after the work) it can help them escape from stress in work
B .improvetheir singing ability
C .makea business contract
17. howmany present members are in the choir? C
A. 9
B .12
C.19
18. whendid the choir make music
A.Before work
B .atlunch time
C.after work
19. whatare they making a living? Company to encourage
A. byselling performance clothes
B. byfunctioning some commercial music
C. bypaying for professional singing classes
20. whatabout the Effect of choir club:
A. itcan improve relationship among employees co-workers
B. forbusiness
C. for acommitted
Part 3：关于21世纪新发明的讨论
21-26 匹配
21. energy harvest: G. used in small electric equipment
22. thin-film solar panel: F. can be manufactured economically
23. sports shoes: C. technology from space
24. wind turbine: A. meets energy demand globally
25. hi-tech fruit package: D. improve their quality
26. Electric sportscar: B. better appearance
27-30 选择
27. Svalbard global seed Vault in the North Pole innovation’s feature?
A. store the seeds and kept them stable
28. who can use these seeds?
C. countries that buried seeds in them
29. man said why he can not do this presentation
A. he has limited knowledge
30. why not take this innovation as the topic of their presentation
C. money can be used in better ways
Part 4 : Behavioral Experiments and Social Influence
题型：填空
31. Inthe experiment, participants were shown lines on two cards and asked to identifythe line of the same length.
32. Manyfake attendants intentionally gave incorrect answers to influence thereal participants.
33. Thestudy revealed that even intelligent people will follow others,demonstrating the power of social influence.
34.Participants often expressed their fear of being laughed at if theygave a different answer.
35.Researchers created a website for an experiment to test familiaritywith songs, gathering data online.
36.People have good reasons for communicating with others, often seekingvalidation and avoiding isolation
37. Oneexperiment was conducted in a restaurant to observe natural socialbehaviors in a familiar setting.
38.Another experiment involved observing the movement of lights to studyperception and group dynamics.
39. In adifferent study, participants stayed in a room filled with smoke toobserve their reactions and decision-making processes.
40. Someresearchers think this method is not unbiased because participants maynot believe they are in an actual emergency, affecting their behavior.
