A
Teleworking- working remotely from an office- is said to have many benefits fororganisations, the environment and society. It provokes mixed reactions fromits acolytes and those that experience it first-hand. Whether you like it ornot, it is true to say that work is no longer dependent on geography and thisopens up a range of opportunities for working in new ways and environments.
B
Thesurveys show "that the productivity increase is not primarily because oflonger working hours (as is sometimes suggested). Although prevalent, workingmore is just one of a number of influencing factors, and not the mostimportant." An unusual comparison of the performance of teleworkers with aclosely matched control group of non-teleworkers found that not only was productivityhigher, but also that absenteeism and error rates were lower.
C
Twoother areas where SUSTEL has added to the economic impact knowledge base is itseffect on absenteeism and space utilisation. In the case of absenteeism, over60 per cent of those surveyed stated that telework had enabled them to workwhen they were prevented from reaching a work location (usually through illnessor transport problems). Around half the cases also identified substantialreductions in space requirements - to the point where one organisation hadcompletely done away with a central office. Changes in non-commuting travel onweekends: home-bases workers, which includes a substantial population of peoplewho are not telecommuters, spend more time shopping out of the home thantraditional workers.
D
Half-timetelecommuting could reduce carbon emissions by over 51 million metric tons ayear—the equivalent of taking all of New York'scommuters off the road. Additional carbon footprint savings will come fromreduced: office energy, roadway repairs, urban heating, office construction,business travel, paper usage (as electronic documents replace paper). Althoughenergy utilization will continue to grow as we expand our industry and improveour standard of living, efficient useof energy will always be of prime importance. By telecommuting to work insteadof using more conventional methods, there is a great potential to save energy.The three major areas where energy can be conserved are: Vehicle-relatedmaterials and resources; Highway-related materials and resources; andwork-related materials and resources. E
Atremendous amount of energy is required to produce transportation equipmentsuch as automobiles, buses, trains and jet aircraft. If telecommuting ispromoted, there will be less use of this equipment and less energy will berequired for production, maintenance and repair of this equipment. Fuelresources and gases needed to operate this equipment will be reduced, as wellthe building and repair of highways and maintenance requires a largeconsumption of energy, not only in the operation of the highway constructionand repair equipment, but also in the manufacture and transportation of therequired materials An increase in the percentage of people telecommuting towork will decrease the need for expanded highways and associated roadmaintenance. The first two areas related to getting to work. F
Socially,the SUSTEL research found that most survey respondents felt that teleworkinggave them a better quality of life and work-life balance. Many also reported healthbenefits. A significant number also stated that they were using local servicesmore and becoming more involved in their local communities. The loss ofteamwork and team spirit within teleworking populations was tackled throughideas such as Oracle's ‘FUNctional' offices. Designed toincrease communication and interaction when people are at the office, they arebright, and focused around a central cafe to stimulate ideas and face-to-facecontact.
G
Thefinding that many teleworkers report both longer working hours and betterquality of life is paradoxical. More time working is usually associated withincreased stress, domestic tension and other factors that reduce quality oflife. One possible explanation is that, for many individuals, their increased workinghours will be less than the time they have saved in commuting. Hence, theystill have more time available for family and other activities. For some, thestress associated with commuting (especially for long distances) may be lessthan that arising from additional working time. Perhaps most significantly,teleworking can in effect create time through opportunities for multi-taskingor greater control of activities. As one survey respondent noted."Although the amount of time has not changed it has made the weekendsfreer, as domestic activities can be fitted in during lunchtimes or earlymorning."
H
When youwork in an office or a cubicle and something goes wrong with any hardware orsoftware you have the option of calling in the IT man. In fact, all of theequipment that you use at the office is supported by technical staff. Thatmeans regular updates and maintenance for various and sundry office tools likeland-line phones, computers, internet connections, laptops, cell phones,printers, and other office equipment is all up to you When you work from home,you'll surely encounter technical problems and when you do, where do you getthe support and help you need? If your computer hard drive crashed today, wouldyou have the funds to replace it?
Questions28-35
Completethe summary using the list of words, A-I below.
Writethe correct letter. A-I in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.
Teleworkinghas been said to have many benefits for both society and companies. Surveyidentified that telecommuters spend more time on 28 than those traditionalworkers on changes in non-commuting travel on weekends. It also is beneficialto environment as it reduces the 29 in the atmosphere from decreased streetrepairs, city heating, or even 30 as staff in office could send documents 31Apart from that, other materials such as Vehicle-related, Highway-related and32 materials will also be saved. Traditionally, large amount of energy isneeded to make 33 e.g. Public transportation and private cars. With the ariseof telecommuting, resources and 34 will be saved. And conservation goes to theenergy and materials consumed in all 35
Apollution B internet energy C paper usage
Dconstruction and maintenance E materials
Fshopping G productivity H fuels and gases
Ielectronically J IT K equipment L company
Mwork-related N geography
Questions36-39
Completeeach sentence with correct ending, A-F, below.
Writethe correct letter. A-F, in box 36-39 on your answer sheet.
36 Moreworking time is often connected with:
37Oracle's Functional idea aims to improve:
38 Whenyou work at office equipments such as computers and printers are maintained by:
39 Whenwork from home using hardware and software:
A stressand tension.
Bconsumption of goods.
C theproblem of less communication with colleagues.
D manyproblems when equipment doesn't work.
Etransport equipment such as automobiles.
Ftechnical supporters.
Questions40
Answerthe question 40 and choose correct letter A. B, C or D.
Impliedin the passage, what is the author's attitude toward Telework?
Asurprised by it fast growth
Bunconcerned about the future pattern
Cbelieve it is generally positive and encouraging
试题分析
Question28-35
题目类型：Summary
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
28Moretime
Change
WeekendsC段最后一句填空句对telecommuters和traditional workers在周末的改变进行对比，C段末句讲到telecommuters可以在周末有更多时间去购物
因此本题答案为F
29Environment
Reduce D段第一句填空句问远程工作对环境的好处是减少了什么，可定位到D段首句，说可以减少碳的排放量，可知对环境的影响时减少污染
因此本题答案为A
30Streetrepairs
Cityheating D段第二句Street repairs是对原文roadway repairs的改写，city heating是对原文urban heating的改写，可以定位到D段第二句末尾原词重现paper usage
因此本题答案为C
31As
SenddocumentsD段第二句填空句As 表示原因，需要解释为什么减少了纸张用量，只有D段第二句末尾括号中内容提到了原因
因此本题答案为I
32Vehicle-related
Highway-relatedD段最后一句通过填空句中关键词vehicle-related和highway-related直接定位到D段末句work-related原词重现
因此本题答案为M
33Energy
Publictransportation
PrivatecarsE段第一句根据关键词energy和transportation定位到E段首句such as后举例都是私家车和公共交通，可以知道它们都是such as前的主语equipment
因此本题答案为K
34Resources
savedE段第三句根据关键词resources定位到E段第三句开头，还有填空句中saved对应原文reduced，直接找到reduced前面的主语
因此本题答案为H
35Energy
consumedE段第三句根据关键词energy和consumed定位到E段第三句，原文做了同义改写，变成consumption of energy，该句出现了construction和maintenance
因此本题答案为D
Question36-39
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
36Moreworking time
ConnectedwithG段第二句根据关键词more working time和connected with可以定位到G段第二句可以直接选出答案，注意原文用associated 替换了connected
因此本题答案为A
37Oracle’s Functional idea
improveF段最后两句根据专有名词定位到F段倒数第二句，末句讲到这个idea是用来increase communication的
因此本题答案为C
38
文章段落缺失
39
文章段落缺失
题目类型：Matching
Question40
题目类型：Multiple Choice
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
40Author’s attitude首段
文章首段就给出了观点：远程办公好处很多，下面几段从不同方面分别讲了远程办公的益处，说明作者的态度应该是积极正面的
因此本题答案为C
