原文：
Tele-working
A
Teleworking- working remotely from an office- is said to have many benefits fororganisations, the environment and society. It provokes mixed reactions fromits acolytes and those that experience it first-hand. Whether you like it ornot, it is true to say that work is no longer dependent on geography and thisopens up a range of opportunities for working in new ways and environments.
B
Thesurveys show "that the productivity increase is not primarily because oflonger working hours (as is sometimes suggested). Although prevalent, workingmore is just one of a number of influencing factors, and not the mostimportant." An unusual comparison of the performance of teleworkers with aclosely matched control group of non-teleworkers found that not only was productivityhigher, but also that absenteeism and error rates were lower.
C
Twoother areas where SUSTEL has added to the economic impact knowledge base is itseffect on absenteeism and space utilisation. In the case of absenteeism, over60 per cent of those surveyed stated that telework had enabled them to workwhen they were prevented from reaching a work location (usually through illnessor transport problems). Around half the cases also identified substantialreductions in space requirements - to the point where one organisation hadcompletely done away with a central office. Changes in non-commuting travel onweekends: home-bases workers, which includes a substantial population of peoplewho are not telecommuters, spend more time shopping out of the home thantraditional workers.
D
Half-timetelecommuting could reduce carbon emissions by over 51 million metric tons ayear—the equivalent of taking all of New York'scommuters off the road. Additional carbon footprint savings will come fromreduced: office energy, roadway repairs, urban heating, office construction,business travel, paper usage (as electronic documents replace paper). Althoughenergy utilization will continue to grow as we expand our industry and improveour standard of living, efficient useof energy will always be of prime importance. By telecommuting to work insteadof using more conventional methods, there is a great potential to save energy.The three major areas where energy can be conserved are: Vehicle-relatedmaterials and resources; Highway-related materials and resources; andwork-related materials and resources. E
Atremendous amount of energy is required to produce transportation equipmentsuch as automobiles, buses, trains and jet aircraft. If telecommuting ispromoted, there will be less use of this equipment and less energy will berequired for production, maintenance and repair of this equipment. Fuelresources and gases needed to operate this equipment will be reduced, as wellthe building and repair of highways and maintenance requires a largeconsumption of energy, not only in the operation of the highway constructionand repair equipment, but also in the manufacture and transportation of therequired materials An increase in the percentage of people telecommuting towork will decrease the need for expanded highways and associated roadmaintenance. The first two areas related to getting to work. F
Socially,the SUSTEL research found that most survey respondents felt that teleworkinggave them a better quality of life and work-life balance. Many also reported healthbenefits. A significant number also stated that they were using local servicesmore and becoming more involved in their local communities. The loss ofteamwork and team spirit within teleworking populations was tackled throughideas such as Oracle's ‘FUNctional' offices. Designed toincrease communication and interaction when people are at the office, they arebright, and focused around a central cafe to stimulate ideas and face-to-facecontact.
G
Thefinding that many teleworkers report both longer working hours and betterquality of life is paradoxical. More time working is usually associated withincreased stress, domestic tension and other factors that reduce quality oflife. One possible explanation is that, for many individuals, their increased workinghours will be less than the time they have saved in commuting. Hence, theystill have more time available for family and other activities. For some, thestress associated with commuting (especially for long distances) may be lessthan that arising from additional working time. Perhaps most significantly,teleworking can in effect create time through opportunities for multi-taskingor greater control of activities. As one survey respondent noted."Although the amount of time has not changed it has made the weekendsfreer, as domestic activities can be fitted in during lunchtimes or earlymorning."
H
When youwork in an office or a cubicle and something goes wrong with any hardware orsoftware you have the option of calling in the IT man. In fact, all of theequipment that you use at the office is supported by technical staff. Thatmeans regular updates and maintenance for various and sundry office tools likeland-line phones, computers, internet connections, laptops, cell phones,printers, and other office equipment is all up to you When you work from home,you'll surely encounter technical problems and when you do, where do you getthe support and help you need? If your computer hard drive crashed today, wouldyou have the funds to replace it?
Questions28-35
Completethe summary using the list of words, A-I below.
Writethe correct letter. A-I in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.
Teleworkinghas been said to have many benefits for both society and companies. Surveyidentified that telecommuters spend more time on 28 than those traditionalworkers on changes in non-commuting travel on weekends. It also is beneficialto environment as it reduces the 29 in the atmosphere from decreased streetrepairs, city heating, or even 30 as staff in office could send documents 31Apart from that, other materials such as Vehicle-related, Highway-related and32 materials will also be saved. Traditionally, large amount of energy isneeded to make 33 e.g. Public transportation and private cars. With the ariseof telecommuting, resources and 34 will be saved. And conservation goes to theenergy and materials consumed in all 35
Apollution B internet energy C paper usage
Dconstruction and maintenance E materials
Fshopping G productivity H fuels and gases
Ielectronically J IT K equipment L company
Mwork-related N geography
Questions36-39
Completeeach sentence with correct ending, A-F, below.
Writethe correct letter. A-F, in box 36-39 on your answer sheet.
36 Moreworking time is often connected with:
37Oracle's Functional idea aims to improve:
38 Whenyou work at office equipments such as computers and printers are maintained by:
39 Whenwork from home using hardware and software:
A stressand tension.
Bconsumption of goods.
C theproblem of less communication with colleagues.
D manyproblems when equipment doesn't work.
Etransport equipment such as automobiles.
Ftechnical supporters.
Questions40
Answerthe question 40 and choose correct letter A. B, C or D.
Impliedin the passage, what is the author's attitude toward Telework?
Asurprised by it fast growth
Bunconcerned about the future pattern
Cbelieve it is generally positive and encouraging
文章题目：远程办公
篇章结构
体裁说明文
题目远程办公
结构A远程办公有很多好处
B 远程办公可以增加工作效率
C 远程办公对经济的贡献
D 远程办公可以减少能源消耗
E 远程办公可以减少交通设施消耗
F 远程办公对社会的影响
G 远程办公不会增加工作时间
H 信息通信对远程办公的影响
试题分析
Question28-35
题目类型：Summary
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
28Moretime
Change
WeekendsC段最后一句填空句对telecommuters和traditional workers在周末的改变进行对比，C段末句讲到telecommuters可以在周末有更多时间去购物
因此本题答案为F
29Environment
Reduce D段第一句填空句问远程工作对环境的好处是减少了什么，可定位到D段首句，说可以减少碳的排放量，可知对环境的影响时减少污染
因此本题答案为A
30Streetrepairs
Cityheating D段第二句Street repairs是对原文roadway repairs的改写，city heating是对原文urban heating的改写，可以定位到D段第二句末尾原词重现paper usage
因此本题答案为C
31As
SenddocumentsD段第二句填空句As 表示原因，需要解释为什么减少了纸张用量，只有D段第二句末尾括号中内容提到了原因
因此本题答案为I
32Vehicle-related
Highway-relatedD段最后一句通过填空句中关键词vehicle-related和highway-related直接定位到D段末句work-related原词重现
因此本题答案为M
33Energy
Publictransportation
PrivatecarsE段第一句根据关键词energy和transportation定位到E段首句such as后举例都是私家车和公共交通，可以知道它们都是such as前的主语equipment
因此本题答案为K
34Resources
savedE段第三句根据关键词resources定位到E段第三句开头，还有填空句中saved对应原文reduced，直接找到reduced前面的主语
因此本题答案为H
35Energy
consumedE段第三句根据关键词energy和consumed定位到E段第三句，原文做了同义改写，变成consumption of energy，该句出现了construction和maintenance
因此本题答案为D
Question36-39
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
36Moreworking time
ConnectedwithG段第二句根据关键词more working time和connected with可以定位到G段第二句可以直接选出答案，注意原文用associated 替换了connected
因此本题答案为A
37Oracle’s Functional idea
improveF段最后两句根据专有名词定位到F段倒数第二句，末句讲到这个idea是用来increase communication的
因此本题答案为C
38
文章段落缺失
39
文章段落缺失
题目类型：Matching
Question40
题目类型：Multiple Choice
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
40Author’s attitude首段
文章首段就给出了观点：远程办公好处很多，下面几段从不同方面分别讲了远程办公的益处，说明作者的态度应该是积极正面的
因此本题答案为C
参考译文：
Teleworking 远程办公
| A | 在远离办公室的地方利用电脑远程办公被看作是对公司环境和社会都很有好处的办公方式。这个看法引发了有过远程办公经验的人的不同反应。不管你喜欢还是不喜欢，确实远程办公使得工作不再受限于地域以及一系列新的工作方式 和环境成为可能。设在Bonn的Empirica估计在过去的3年里，欧洲的远程办公的人数己经翻倍至2000万。 |
| B | 有调查显示，由于远程办公带来的工作效率的增加不仅仅是因为延长的工作时间（有时是这样的）尽管普遍来看增加的工作时间是众多影响因素之一，但是它并不足最重要的因素。在对远程办公的人员和非远程办公人员的严格比对后发现，远程办公不仅使工作效率提高，还大大降低了旷工和出错的概率。 |
| C | 欧洲研究项目SUSTEL还发现，远程办公还在经济方面做出贡献，因为它可以， 减少旷工和增加空间的使用率。在影响旷工率方面，有超过60%的调查显示，远程办公可以使公司职员在（因为生病或是交通堵塞而）不能去公司上班时仍然在家办公。有近一半的调查显示远程办公还节约了大量的办公空间，以至于有的公司直接撤掉了以前的中心办公室。这种办公方式也使得在周末时职员不用乘车上下班，在家工作的职员包括很多即使不是远程办公的人，能够不用像传统意义上的职员那样赶着上下班，他们周末可以花更多的时间出门购物。 |
| D | 半远程办公能够减少碳的排放暈高达每年5100万吨，相当于全纽约人一年的因为上下班往返所产生的碳的排放量。远程办公在其它减少碳排放的方面还包括节约办公室能源，减少公路维修，城市供暖，办公室建设，出差旅行，纸张使用（因为电子文档取代了纸质文档）。尽管能源消耗会随着工业的扩张和人们生活水平的提高而继续增加，能源的有效利用还是很重要的。远程办公而不是使用传统的方式办公，可以节约大量的能源。能源通过这种方式节约主要体现在三方面，交通工具相关的材料和资源，高速公路相关的材料和资源，以及工作相关的 材料和资源。 |
| E | 生产交通设施需要消耗大量的能源，比如说汽车，公交车,火车和直升飞机。如果远程办公能够推广，这些交通设施的使用就会减少,使得为了生产,维修和维护这些交通工具和设施的能源消耗也相应减少。用来操作这些交通工具的所需 的燃料和天然气也相应减少，建造和维护髙速公路耑要大量能源的消耗，不仅仅是在修建和维修方面，在生产和运输方面也需要大适的原材料。远程办公人员的增加可以减少建造和相关养护高速公路的需要，这两方面需要都外出上班紧密相关。 |
| F | 欧洲研究项目SUSTEL还发现，很多调查反馈者都认为远程办公改善了人们的生活水平，使职员更好地平衡工作和生活，还有很多人认为远程办公还对职员的身体健康有益。此外很大部分人认为远程办公可以使职员更多地受益于当地的服务，更加融入当地的社区。远程办公使得团队协作和团队精祌的缺乏通过像甲骨文公司提出的“功能型”办公室的理念来弥补。这个办公室旨在增加人们像在办公室里时的那种交流和互动，人们可以在一家咖啡厅互相激发灵感和进行而对面的交流。 |
| G | 研究还发现，许多远程办公的职员所说的办公时间的增加和生活水平的提髙是相互矛盾的。增加的办公时间往往伴随若压力的增加，内部矛盾的增加以及其它会使生活质虽下降的因素的增加。一个可能的解释是，对于很多个人来讲，他们增加的工作时间比他们花在上下班路上的时间要少，因此，他们还是有很多的时间用来陪伴家人和参加其它的活动。对于一些人来说，上下班交通带来的压力(尤其是长途的）是比因为增延长工作时间而带来的压力来得要小的。可能最重要的是，远程办公可以通过同吋进行多个任务和增加对多样事情的控制力来“创造”出时间。正如一个接受调查的人所说“尽管时间总量并没有发生变化，但是远程办公使得周末时间更加自由，因为很多家庭活动都可以安排在中午吃饭时间或是清早。” |
| H | 有资料显示，从20世纪80年代开始，信息和通信技术使得远程办公有了长期增长。使得远程办公有了长远增长的因素包括：増长的动力，信息通讯技术的使用越来越方便，2006年有超过70%的美国家庭都有个人电脑和网络接口，宽带渗透率高达40%。科技发展带来的好处还有：时间节约，工作时间的灵活性，减少的交通压力和地域的灵活性。 |
| I | 研究结果并没有说明远程办公可能带来的潜在的“反弹效果”，这种反弹效果指的是因为价格的降低，人们可能会消耗更多的物品，而且休闲时间的增加可能也会导致人们参加其它消耗能源岛的活动。比方说，人们可能不会去零售商店买一张CD，但是会在网上下载单曲，这样对以节省10到12美元。为了强调这种效果，我们还必须考虑对消费者来说可能的替代消费品。（第35题） |
| J | 当你在办公室或是寝室远程办公的时候，一旦电脑的软件或是硬件坏了，唯一的办法就是打电话叫IT专家来修理。事实上，所有在办公室使用的设备都是由这些技术人员提供支持的，比如说电脑，电话，网络服务，电脑网络，办公室和其它与办公室相关的设备。 |
| K | 当你在家办公的时候，可就不是这样了！尽管公司向一些远程的办公岗位提供硬件和软件（以及维护），但很多岗位没有这样的支持。即使你的工作是联络员，可能你自己也得按照硬件和软件的指南来使用。这就意味着你自己得负责各式各样的办公工具的日常的更新和维护，比如说有线电话，电脑，网络连接，笔记本手机，打印机以及其它的办公用品。当你在家工作的时候，你肯定会遇到电脑技术方面的问题，从哪里获得你需要的帮助呢？如果你电脑硬驱今天崩溃了，你有足够的钱去修理它吗？ |
参考答案：
