回忆1：
阅读 1.marine investigation 2.desert 3.two types of sleep
回忆2：
大作文 as the growth of major cities，so do problems。分析 young people 的 problems。how might these problems be solved
小作文流程图 turn organic waste into garden compost
回忆3：
S1 给房子买保险，那个电话也太长了S2是一个什么树的节日S3讲的去当导游的课程
回忆4：
小作文是回收有机垃圾生产花园化肥的五张图 大作文是major cities的continued growth给young people带来的问题及解决方法
回忆5：
听力回忆：
S1 房屋保险
1.地点Degihton
2.电话号码01295 477039
3.房间布局three bedrooms
4.建筑时间40
5.房子材料stone
6.附加房屋garage
7.安全特征alarm
8.设备office
9.地点freezer
10.时间1st April
S2 国家植树， 就是讲了一些植树的好处和弊端
11. 一共种植了 20 million 棵树
植树的三个好处：
12. reduce traffic noise
13. provide shade in hot weather
14. lower people‘s stress levels
植树的三个弊端：
15. 不方便人们重新改造 rural areas
16. 很多昆虫因为 changes of climate 会带来疾病
17. make risk of flooding
18-20. 选择题
18. B. make art
19. A. art exhibition
20. E. publication
S3 讲学生毕业后从事旅游业，和导师讨论到课程，择业原因，以及对ecotourism的观点
21-25选择题；26-30匹配题
21. Why does he want to study tourism? 选C: good future
22. What skills does he gain? 选B: financial planning
23. What ability does he have? 选A: independent
24. 老师对ecotourism的看法。选A: popular （干扰项提到了一个future，但是后面那个女的说，谁也不能预计10年后这玩意是好是坏，所以排除。）
25. Why does he compare university course and polytechnics? 选A: 价格便宜
learning language skills；learning medical skills； learning customer relationship；flexible entry
26.选 Leadership
27. 语言课包括Japanese ：选learning language skills
28. 包括了medical care class, 因为提到了injury： 选learning medical skills
29. 入门的门槛比较低，需要一定的经验，因为课程很紧张，选flexible entry
30. computer， 这个是提供一些接待的技能，选learning customer relationship
S4 学校IT学院引入了新的模式
31-40填空题
31.First of all, use email failed to interact with each other
32. Great relationship with local economy
33.Solutions to new problems
34. Highter quality teaching materials
35. Enjoy communication with this new mode
36. Improved confidence in teaching
37. flexible teaching method
38. Apply for computer teaching methods
39. develop time management skills
40. subsidies the student's supplement of income
阅读回忆：
第一篇：航海测时间发明
Timekeeper：Invention of Marine Chronometer
A It was, as Dava Sobel has describeda phenomenon: ‘the greatest scientific problem of the age’. The realitywas that in the 18th century no one had ever made a clock that could suffer thegreat rolling and pitching of a ship and the large changes in temperaturewhilst still keeping time accurately enough to be of any use. Indeed, most ofthe scientific community thought such clock impossibility. Knowing one’sposition on the earth requires two very simple butessential coordinates; ratherlike using a street map where one thinks in terms of how far one is up/down andhow far side to side.
B The longitude is a measure of how far around the world one has come from homeand has no naturally occurring base line like the equator. The crew of a givenship was naturally only concerned with how far round they were from their ownparticular home base. Even when in the middle of the ocean, with no land insight, knowing this longitude position is very simple in theory. The key to knowinghow far around the world you are from home is to know, at that very moment,what time it is back home. A comparison with your local time (easily found bychecking the position of the Sun) will then tell you the time differencebetween you and home, and thus how far round the Earth you are from home.
C Up until the middle of the 18th century, navigators had been unable todetermine their position at sea with accuracy and they faced the huge attendantrisks of shipwreck or running out of supplies before reaching theirdestination. Theangular position of Moon and other bright stars was recorded inthreehour intervals of Greenwich Time. In order to determine longitude, sailorshad to measure the angle between Moon centre and a given star—lunar distance—togetherwith height of both planets using the naval sextant (六分仪). The sailors also had tocalculate the Moon’s position if seen form the centre of Earth. Timecorresponding to Greenwich Time was determined using the natitical almanac (航 海 天 文 历). Then the difference between theobtained time and local time served for calculation in longitude fromGreenwich. The great flaw in this ‘simple’theory was-how does the sailor knowtime back home when he is in the middle of an ocean?
D The obvious and again simple answer is that he takes an accurate clock withhim, which he sets to home time before leaving. All he has to do is keep itwound up and running, and he must never reset the hands throughout the voyageThis clock then provides ‘home time’, so if, for example, it is midday on boardyour ship and your ‘home time’clock says that at that same moment it ismidnight at home, you know immediately there is a twelve hour timedifferenceand you must be exactly round the other side of the world, 180 degrees oflongitude from home.
E After 1714 when the British government offered the huge sum of £20,000 for asolution to the problem, with the prize to be administered by the splendidlytitled Board of Longitude. The Government prize of £20,000 was the highest ofthree sums on offer for varying degrees of accuracy, the full prize onlypayable for a method that could find the longitude at sea within half a degree.If the solution was to be by timekeeper (and there were other methods since theprize was offered for any solution to the problem), then the timekeepingrequired to achieve this goal would have to be within 2.8 seconds a day, aperformance considered impossible for any clock at sea and unthinkable for awatch，even underthe very best conditions.
F It was this prize, worth about £2 million today, which inspired theself-taught Yorkshire carpenter, John Harrison, to attempt a design for apractical marine clock. During the latter part of his early career, he workedwith his younger brother James. Their first major project was a revolutionaryturret clock ( 塔楼 钟) for the stables at Brocklesby Park, seat of the Pelham family.Theclock was revolutionary because it required no lubrication. 18th centuryclock oils were uniformly poor and one of the major causes of failure in clocksof theperiod. Rather than concentrating on improvements to the oil, Harrisondesigned a clock which didn’t need it. In 1730 Harrison created a descriptionand drawings for a proposed marine clock to compete for the Longitude Prizeandwent to London seeking financial assistance. He presented his ideas to Edmond Halley, the Astronomer Royal. Halley referred him to George Graham,the country’s foremost clockmaker. He must have been impressedby Harrison, forGraham personally loaned Harrison money to build a model of his marine clock.It took Harrison five years to build Harrison Number Oneor HI. He demonstratedit to members of the Royal Society who spoke on his behalf to the Board ofLongitude. The clock was the first proposal that the Board considered to be worthyof a sea trial.
G After several attempts to design a betterment of H1, Harrison believed that the solution to thelongitude problem lay in an entirely different design. H4 is completely different from the other three timekeepers. It lookslike a very large pocket watch. Harrison’s son William set sail for the WestIndies (西印度群岛), withH4, aboard the ship Deptford on 18 November 1761. It was a remarkableachievement but it would be some time before the Board of Longitude was sufficientlysatisfied to award Harrison the prize.
H John Hadley, an English mathematician, developed sextant, who was acompetitor of Harrison at that time for the luring prize. A sextant is aninstrument used for measuring angles, for example between the sun and thehorizon, so that the position of a ship or aeroplane can be calculated. Makingthis measurement is known as sighting the object, shooting the object, ortaking a sight and it is an essential part of celestial navigation. The angle,and thetime when it was measured, can be used to calculate a position line on anautical or aeronautical chart. A sextant can also be used to measure the Lunardistance between the moon and another celestial object (e.g., star, planet) inorder to determine Greenwich time which is important because it can then beused to determine the longitude.
I The majority within this next generation of chronometer pioneers wereEnglish, but the story is by no means wholly that of English achievement.OneFrench name, Pierre Le Roy of Paris, stands out as a major presence intheearly history of the chronometer. Another great name in the story is that ofthe Lancastrian, Thomas Earnshaw, a slightly younger contemporary of JohnArnold’s. It was Earnshaw who created the final form of chronometer escapement,the spring detent escapement, and finalized the format and the productionsystem for the marine chronometer, making it truly an article of commerce, anda practical means of safer navigation at sea over the next century and half.
Questions 1-5.................................................................................
The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-J, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1 introduction of a millman under awards
2 the definition of an important geographical term
3 arival against Harrison’s invention emerged
4 problems of sailor encountered in identifying the position on the sea
5 economic assist from another counterpart
Questions 6-8.................................................................................
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage1
In boxes 6-8 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the sataement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6 It is with no great effort by sailors to calculate the position when in thecenter
of the ocean.
7 To determine the longitude, a measurement of distance from moonto a given
star is a must.
8 In theory, by calculating the longitude degrees covered by a sail journey,the
distance between the start and the end points can be obtained.
Questions 9-13 ...............................................................................
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using nomore than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write youranswers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
Hundred years ago，sailors triedto identify their time by checking the sun or stars, butthe trouble was thatthey did need a reliable clock which showed time of 9And the timekeeperrequired would be to precisely tell a tangible time lapse confined to 10 : Anextraordinary craftsman, Harrison, once created a novel clock which did notrely on 11 to work properly. Later on, competitive mode of 12 was anotherprominentdevice designed by Hadley, which calculated angle between sun and theearth. Base on Harrison’s effort，Earns haw eventually implement key components for 13 which had beenused ever since.
答案：
1. F 2. B 3. H 4. C 5. F 6. YES
7. NO 8. NOT GIVEN 9. home time 10. 2.8s
11. oil 12. sextant 13. marine chronometer
第二篇：沙漠化
第三篇：睡眠研究
Hypnotism it real or just a circus trick?
Hypnosis is “a special psychological state with certain physiological attributes，resembling sleep only superficially and marked by a functioning of the individual ata level of awareness other than the ordinary conscious state. “One theory suggests that hypnosis is a mental state，while another theory links hypnosis to imaginative role-enactment. Persons under hypnosis are said to have heightened focus and concentration with the ability to concentrate intensely on a specific thought or memory, while blocking out sources of distraction. Hypnosis is usually induced by a procedure known as a hypnotic induction involving a series of preliminary instructions and suggestions. The hypnotic suggestions may be delivered by a hypnotist in the presence of the subject, or may be self-administered. The use of hypnotism for therapeutic purposes is referred to as “hypnotherapy”，while its use as a form of entertainment for an audience is known as “stage hypnosis ”.
A
A Hypnosis has been shown through a number of rigorously controlled
studies to reduce pain, control blood pressure, and even make warts go away. But because very few studies have attempted to define the actual processes involved, most scientists are sceptical of its power and uses. That scepticism has driven David Spiegel, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine, USA, and other researchers to take a hard look at what happens in the brain during hypnosis.
B
Along researchers there are two schools of thought. One claims that hypnosis fundamentally alters subjects’ state of mind: they enter a trance, which produces changes in brain activity. The other believes that hypnosis is simply a matter of suggestibility and relaxation. Spiegel belongs to the first school and over the years has had a debate with two scientists on the other side, Irving Kirsch, a University of Connecticut psychologist, and Stephen Kosslyn, a Harvard professor.
C
Kirsch often uses hypnosis in his practice and doesn’t deny that it can be
effective. ‘With hypnosis you do put people in altered states,’ he says. ‘But you don’t need a trance to do it.’ To illustrate the point, Kirsch demonstrates how a subject holding a small object on a chain can make it swing in any direction by mere suggestion, the chain responding to minute movements in the tiny muscles of the fingers.‘ You don’t have to enter a trance for your subconscious and your body to act upon a suggestion,’ Kirsch says. The reaction is the result of your focusing on moving the chain in a particular direction.’
D
Spiegel disagrees. One of his best known studies found that when subjects were hypnotised and given suggestions their brain wave patterns changed, indicating that they had entered a trance. In one of his studies, people under hypnosis were told their forearms were numb, then given light electrical shocks to the wrists. They didn’t flinch or respond in any way, and their brain waves resembled those of people who experienced a much weaker shock. To Kirsch this still wasn’t enough to prove the power of trance, but Stephen Kosslyn was willing to be convinced. Many external factors could have been responsible for the shift in the subjects’ state of mind, but Kosslyn wondered,‘ Is there really something going on in the brain?’
E
To find out, Spiegel and Kosslyn decided to collaborate on a study focusing on a part of the brain that is well understood: the circuit which has been found to process the perception of colour. Spiegel and Kosslyn wanted to see if subjects could set off the circuit by visualising colour while under hypnosis. They selected eight people for the experiment conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital. The subjects were put in a scanner and shown a slide with coloured rectangles while their brain activity was mapped. Then they were shown a black and white slide and told to imagine its having colour. Both tasks were then repeated under hypnosis.
F
The results were striking. When the subjects truly saw the coloured rectangles, the circuit lit up on both sides of the brain; when they only had to imagine the colour, the circuit lit up only in the right hemisphere. Under hypnosis, however, both sides of the brain became active, just as in regular sight; imagination seemed to take on the quality of a hallucination.
G
After the experiment, Kosslyn was forced to admit, Tm absolutely convinced now that hypnosis can boost what mental imagery does.’ But Kirsch remained sceptical, saying, The experiments demonstrate that people are experiencing the effects of hypnotic suggestion but don’t prove that they are entering a trance.’ He also argued that’ subjects were told to see the card in colour when they were hypnotised but only to imagine it in colour when they weren’t. ‘Being told to pretend you're having an experience is different from the suggestion to have the experience.’
H
Spiegel, however, is a clinician first and a scientist second. He believes the most important thing is that doctors recognise the power of hypnosis and start to use it. Working with Elvira Lang, a radiologist at a Harvard Medical Centre, he is testing the use of hypnosis in the operating room just as he and Kossiyn did in the scanner. Spiegel and Lang took 24 patients scheduled for surgery and divided them into three groups. One group received standard care, another standard care with a sympathetic care provider and the third received standard care, a sympathetic care provider and hypnosis. Every 15 minutes the patients were asked to rate their pain and anxiety levels. They were also hooked up to painkilling medication which they could administer to themselves.
I
On average, Spiegel and Lang found the hypnotised subjects used less
medication, experienced less pain and felt far less anxiety than the other two groups. Original results published in The Lancet have been further supported by ongoing studies conducted by Lang.
J
Spiegel’s investigations into the nature of hypnosis and its effects on the
brain continue. However, if hypnosis is ever to work its way into mainstream medicine and everyday use, physicians will need to know there is solid science behind what sounds like mysticism. Only then will their reluctance to using such things as mind over matter be overcome.‘ I agree that the medical use of hypnotism should be based on data rather than belief,’ says Spiegel‘, but in the end it doesn’t really matter why it works, as long as it helps our patients.’
写作回忆：
小作文：流程图
大作文：As major cities around the world are growing fast and many problems occur. What are the problems that young people live in cities are caused by continued growth？ What solutions do you suggest?回忆6：
听力
Section 1
1. Deighton
2. 01295477039
3. 3 bedrooms
4. 40
5. stone
6. garage
7. alarm
8. office
9. freezer
10. 1st April
Section 2
11. 20
12. shade
13. noise
14. stress
15. flooding
16. rural
17. climate
18. B make art from wood
19. A art exhibition
20. E new publication
Section 3
21. C has a good prospects
22. C interpersonal skill
23. B patience
24. A needs commitment
25. D
26. G
27. A
28. B
29. F
30. E
Section 4
31. email
32. relationship
33. methods
34. communication
35. confidence
36. flexible
37. materials
38. problems
39. time
40. income
回忆7：
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回忆9：
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回忆14：
回忆15：
为更好地促进做好Edward艾华师最新预测,请烤鸭们积极回忆在本文下面评论栏目里面,请尽量详细,并标明城市考点,A/G类,听力,阅读,大小作文,谢谢！特请亚太其他国家,欧洲,北美,南美,非洲等其他考区的烤鸭们也积极回忆吧
特别提醒：雅思考试20多年来，有非常严格的规律性和出题思路。全世界有6大考区，而只有一个剑桥考试中心几个人在出题，每个考区一周平均要出一份考卷，一个月出24份考卷，考官如何保证达到难度一样呢，如何保证新题难度、准确度和评价机制公平呢，所以只能是20年来的题库旧题目的有效组合，新题不能超出5-10%,每份雅思卷子都是95%-99%以上旧题原题真题。多年雅思考官和专家Edward老师非常熟悉雅思出题规律和听说读写题库出题组合卷子的秘诀，IPN资料因此而诞生！具体请阅读http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-32-1-1.html 
