综合写作：
Nacza Lines为什么形成的三种理论：
1.用来记录星象变化，因为有些图案像天上的星星。
但教授反驳还有无数的图案根本不能match到天上的星星，而且仅有的那些像的图案也只是巧合而已。
2. 一种表达文化的艺术形式，因为很壮观。
教授反驳说在高处看确实很壮观，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能识别，所以不可能是人为创作的艺术作品。
3. 是人们赛跑的轨道，因为有很多人的足迹。
教授反驳说这些足迹很复杂，还包含了动物的脚印，很难定位，而且不一定是用来赛跑的，可能是人们进行宗教仪式时留下来的。
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2016.6.25综合写作
The straight lines and the central shapewith straight line are “Nazca Lines”
The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a seriesof images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images,many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering severalkilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the toplayer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lightersoil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theorieshave been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.
Onetheory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomicalcalendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortestnumber of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. Thistheory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some ofthe images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, thaton the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a singlelong line drawn in the desert.
Anothertheory is that the Nazca images were created as a monumentalart form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in theregion. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstratetheir power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massivepyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out ofstone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images werebuilt for similar reasons--to impress others.
Athird theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence thatpeople traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation thatthe Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groupsof individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca imagesare ancient racetracks.
Listening
The three theories that you read givesome very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up wellunto the examination.
First, about the Nazca Lines asindicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that thevast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in thesky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds ofNazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, afew line up. That would happen just by chance.
Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, itis certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive reallyonly when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standingon the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. Thelandscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on theground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and theEaster Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their greatheight them makes them visible and impressive.
Third, the idea that people were usingthe lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals.There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are toocomplex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for theevidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but weknow that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals thatinvolved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca lineplayed a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking alongthe line.
