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2016年12月3日托福听说读写真题答案回忆蹲点汇总
回忆1：
独立写作
Nowadays people are more willing to help the people they dont know(for example, giving clothing and food to the people who need them) than people were in the past.
独立口语
T1: which of the following three would you choose to take? Painting class, science class or mathematics?
T2: Do you agree or disagree that young children should leave home to stay with relatives and friends for a short period of time?
Nowadays people are more willing to help the people they dont know(for example, giving clothing and food to the people who need them) than people were in the past.
独立口语
T1: which of the following three would you choose to take? Painting class, science class or mathematics?
T2: Do you agree or disagree that young children should leave home to stay with relatives and friends for a short period of time?
回忆2：
独立口语解析：
Task 1参考答案：
Personally speaking, I would take the painting class, coz first I major in law, and math and science are not my cup of tea; I have been bombarded with my major study everyday, like dealing with endless presentations, group discussion or paper work, so I think painting course offers me a good chance to release academic pressure, unwind and blow off steam; second, I really enjoy the process of painting, the quite observation and drawing moments help me to calm down and live in the moment, plus, I could send my painting works to my friends and family members as gifts, that would be cool.
Task 2参考答案：
I agree with the statement. Coz leaving home for a short period of time offers a great chance for young children to live independently, to observe the world in a different perspective and disengage themselves from their loving parents, who might spoil them unconsciously. Like when I was ten years old, I was sent to live with my uncle and aunt for one semester, coz my parents were really busy then and my uncle’s house was located much closer to my school. It was during that period of time, I learnt to rely on myself to take care of myself, like how to comb my hair, sort out my clothing and stationery, and budget my allowance.
回忆3：
阅读READING
第一篇
玛雅文明灭亡的可能原因 有什么自然灾害地震这样的 还有土地不够导致食物短缺或是外来入侵这样
第二篇
是关于睡眠的 就是睡觉有助于巩固记忆？
第三篇
是美国那个鲑鱼 讲它对生活环境的要求 什么水温 有没有地方去躲避产卵这样的
词汇VOCABULARY
consistent-unvarying
compound-add to
indefinitely-endless
obstruction-barrier
exclusively-solely
predominantly-mainly
consensus-widely agree
compensate for-make up for
robust-health
accessible-available
optimal-ideal
第一篇
玛雅文明灭亡的可能原因 有什么自然灾害地震这样的 还有土地不够导致食物短缺或是外来入侵这样
第二篇
是关于睡眠的 就是睡觉有助于巩固记忆？
第三篇
是美国那个鲑鱼 讲它对生活环境的要求 什么水温 有没有地方去躲避产卵这样的
词汇VOCABULARY
consistent-unvarying
compound-add to
indefinitely-endless
obstruction-barrier
exclusively-solely
predominantly-mainly
consensus-widely agree
compensate for-make up for
robust-health
accessible-available
optimal-ideal
回忆4：
听力LISTENING
Conversation 1
学生请教教授自己的课题，有关于details会不会影响人们相信传言的概率
Lecture 1
engineer ，讲cement是中建筑材料，process cement要先把limestone加热melt，过程中要燃烧fossil fuel，而且emit dioxide，接着为了改善，有两种方式，一个用的是magnesium oxide?，因为加热的温度不用那么高好像是。还有一种方式是……
Lecture 2
建筑和社交，从美国人家的前院入手，讲pull和push两类原因导致前院建筑的减少，但最近又因为邻居交流需要开始增多
Conversation 2
去图书馆找书，任课老师外出不能及时回复邮件，librarian通过一个chapter名字帮学生找，但找到的资料不够新
Lecture 3
studio art，一种tech用在oil painting上，15世纪的用这个tech可以表现blablabla 然后梵高用这个tech来展现motion，现代艺术家用这个tech……
Lecture 4
鸟类被喂食的两种理论，讲到越饿的幼鸟叫越大声，但也有越饱的幼鸟叫更大声。还讲到parent bird随机和有选择地喂食造成的结果差异
回忆5：
口语SPEAKING
Task 1
又是三选一，class to take, Math/ pairing/ science
Task 2
Agree/disagree Staying with relatives and friends helps the development of children than staying with family.
Task 3
不同意题
主旨：在学校电影院卖snacks给学生，关于enjoy movie better，屋里小，会影响别人，不能enjoy；获得的钱用于future activities，不值得这样去做。（很像TPO14Task3）
Task 4
哲学，讲教授经历brother的对话，建议吃水果蔬菜有益健康，但brother不信，因为教授自己也在吃，不take他的advice。
Task 5
摄像机落在家里，照片要用于今晚开始的Art show，第一个solution自己开车回家拿，劣势错过复习课，第二solution妈妈明天送来，朋友就在晚上看不到这个照片作品了（建议选solution2，展开学习）
Task 6
种子dormancy，两个例子，人会模仿种子dormancy环境，人工剥离种子dormancy。
回忆6：
写作WRITING
独立写作
Nowadays people are more willing to help the people they dont know(for example, giving clothing and food to the people who need them) than people were in the past.
综合写作
吸血乌贼吃不吃“marine snow”
passage：
1.深海氧不够
2.有predator
3.relatives都不吃 它吃不好解释
lecture：
1.它的捕食方式很省氧
2.它dark color 还会发光 吓走predator
3.解释：它这样反而会更容易捕食
独立写作
Nowadays people are more willing to help the people they dont know(for example, giving clothing and food to the people who need them) than people were in the past.
综合写作
吸血乌贼吃不吃“marine snow”
passage：
1.深海氧不够
2.有predator
3.relatives都不吃 它吃不好解释
lecture：
1.它的捕食方式很省氧
2.它dark color 还会发光 吓走predator
3.解释：它这样反而会更容易捕食
回忆7：
写作真题
Writing
T1：
阅读：吸血鱿鱼是否以海雪为生
1. 深海区的最小氧气含量
2. 容易被捕食者发现
3. 头足类动物的行为
听力：和阅读相反
1. 吸血鱿鱼这一特殊物种，需要的含氧量并不多
2. 本身会发光，并且自然光线阻挡了捕食者靠近
这一行为是鱿鱼优势，更能准确定位到食物
T2：
Doyou agree or disagree: People nowadays are more willing to help people (givingfood or clothing) than in the past?
解题思路：支持该观点：
1. 随着生活水平提高，现代人能有能力去帮助贫苦人民
2. 帮助别人带来的社会肯定会增强幸福感
目前有许多非常完善的慈善机构，捐赠渠道得到很好的保证
回忆8：
口语真题Speaking
T1：
Whatwould you most like to take a course in?
1. Mathematics
2. Painting
3. Science
T2：
It is important for a child to spend a short period of time living far away fromhome, visiting relatives and friends.
T3：
阅读
标题：Sellingsnacks during movie screening
原因1：Studentswill enjoy watching movies more if they can eat some snacks.
原因2：Theclub can raise money by selling snacks
听力
态度：不同意
原因1：Eatingwill be annoying and noisy. Crunching will be a great distraction since it is asmall room.
原因2：Itis not financially beneficial for the clubs. That is because only small numberof students will go to watch the movies on campus. They cannot sell much. Andthis little money is not worth the effort the club needs to take.
T4：
阅读
标题：Youtoo fallacy
定义：Whenyou give other people suggestions or advices, they will think it is completelyuseless and ignore you when the suggestions or advices are not in accordancewith theirs, despite the fact that such suggestions or advices may be veryuseful objectively.
听力：
例子：Theprofessor uses his brother’s example to illustrate this. His brother recently told theprofessor that he was lack of energy. The thing is his brother was eatingsugary food junk food, in want of vegetables and nutritious food. The professorsuggested his brother eat vegetables and keep healthy and balanced diet, whichis scientifically proved to be a good way to regain energy. But his brotherjust regards this suggestion as stupid and silly one and he will never changehis eating habit, for he thinks that the professor himself eats junk food also.
T5：
问题：The woman left her photograph at home. She needs the photograph tobe sent to the art show.
解决方案1：She can drive home for several hours hometo pick up the photograph.
优点1：She can get back with the photographbefore the opening of the art show.
缺点1：She will miss the review class forphysics, which is very important.
解决方案2：She can call her mom to send thephotographs.
优点2：She can attend the review class.
缺点2：Buther mom is very busy and can only come tomorrow. If so, her friends will not beable to see her photograph since they all come tonight.
T6：
话题：Human grow trees with seeds, which will remain in dormancy for sometime before sprouting .
要点1：Imitating the nature, like weather,temperature.
例子1：Oak trees. Creating moist environment andwarmer climate, stimulating the growth.
要点2：Break the hard outer coating.
例子2：Locusttrees. Putting the seed in a can and shaking off the hard outer coating,facilitating the sprouting.
回忆9：
写作
➤Writing 1
【阅读】一种海洋生物 vampire squid是不是吃 marine snow。
1、因为sonw处于深海，而且还缺氧，squid生存不了；
2、因为这种东西的捕猎方式容易使其暴露在捕猎者的视线下 ；
3、它的同伴们不这么做。
【听力】反驳
1、squid 自己的捕猎方式不需要什么氧气，因此可以生存；
2、squid 它们自己有黑色的外表，自己也会发光，其他捕猎者看不见它们，同时还能吓跑它们；
3、这是一个特殊的特征，正因为这样，它们有自己的优势，减少竞争，吃到更多的食物。
➤Writing 2
现在的人对于以前的人们更愿意去帮助那些不认识的人（衣服、食物）。
回忆10：
口语
➤Task 1
science、math、painting三个科目，你更愿意学哪一个？
➤Task 2
你是否同意小孩子离开家去与亲戚生活一段时间呢？
➤Task 3
【阅读】学校打算在flim club卖零食，为了让同学们更好的enjoy movie，同时也能raise money。
【听力】女生不同意
1、觉得吃东西会产生噪音，会很吵；
2、觉得赚不到什么钱，人少地方也很小。
➤Task 4
【术语】you too fallacy，别人给你建议你也不觉得好，因为它们没有被人们遵循。
【例子】教授的兄弟总是觉得自己很tired，是因为喜欢吃junk food，教授就建议他的兄弟少吃点junk food，多吃点健康的，但是他兄弟不愿意，说教授自己也经常吃junk food，为什么不要自己吃。
➤Task 5
【问题】女生晚上有摄影展，但是把作品忘在家里了。
【方案】1、自己开车回去拿，但是晚上要复习考试；
2、打电话让妈妈送过来，要明天才能到，但是晚上朋友要看作品。
➤Task 6
人为参与种子加速生长的进程。
1、模拟种子发芽时候的气温，使种子发芽；
2、去除种子外面的外壳
➤Task 1
science、math、painting三个科目，你更愿意学哪一个？
➤Task 2
你是否同意小孩子离开家去与亲戚生活一段时间呢？
➤Task 3
【阅读】学校打算在flim club卖零食，为了让同学们更好的enjoy movie，同时也能raise money。
【听力】女生不同意
1、觉得吃东西会产生噪音，会很吵；
2、觉得赚不到什么钱，人少地方也很小。
➤Task 4
【术语】you too fallacy，别人给你建议你也不觉得好，因为它们没有被人们遵循。
【例子】教授的兄弟总是觉得自己很tired，是因为喜欢吃junk food，教授就建议他的兄弟少吃点junk food，多吃点健康的，但是他兄弟不愿意，说教授自己也经常吃junk food，为什么不要自己吃。
➤Task 5
【问题】女生晚上有摄影展，但是把作品忘在家里了。
【方案】1、自己开车回去拿，但是晚上要复习考试；
2、打电话让妈妈送过来，要明天才能到，但是晚上朋友要看作品。
➤Task 6
人为参与种子加速生长的进程。
1、模拟种子发芽时候的气温，使种子发芽；
2、去除种子外面的外壳
回忆11：
听力一篇对话和一篇讲座
今天的听力部分和之前托福考试呈现出来的趋势一样，是四项当中难度增长最大的一项，今天也不例外。现在的TPO难度达不到考试的难度，很多考生考的之后才体会到落差之大。难度主要体现在三个方面：
对话学术化，且讨论的话题新颖；
对话语速快，听不到点，听到反应不过来，反应过来记不下笔记；
讲座逻辑层次复杂，正反辩论，结果小让步，大跨度小细节出双选。
先给各位讲一篇讲座，SECTION 2的STUDIO ART讲座。有一个单词，认识一下。
impasto
厚涂颜料的绘画法
这篇讲座举例提到梵高(van Gogh)，他是最早使用impasto的画家之一，我们欣赏一下。
这幅画有一段非常生动的描述：
“Van Gogh, the 19th century postimpressionist, was one of the first painters to use impasto in this way. Here is an example. In his painting of cypress trees. Notice the textures, the peaks and valleys created by the thick paint. By using impasto in this way, van Gogh communicated the shimmering movement in the trees and the sky. As viewers, we can almost feel the breeze blowing on that day.”
今天的考生，小心地对一下答案。中间四道题比较清晰，第一题和第六题需要综合全文。
1. What is the main focus of the lecture?
Changes over time in the way impasto effects are created
2. Why does the professor mention icing on a cake?
To describe the type of appearance that impasto gives to a painting
3. According to the professor, why did fifteenth-century painters use the impasto technique?
To give the sense that objects in a painting were reflecting light
4. Why does the professor show a painting by Van Gogh?
To illustrate that impasto is useful for conveying motion
5. According to the professor, why do some artists use impasto techniques today?
They have more choices of tools to create texture than artists did in the past.
6. What does the professor say are two keys to using the impasto technique?
Click on 2 answers
Applying a large amount of paint to a canvas
Manipulating the paint with quick movements
今天的考生对完上面这一篇，不知是否过瘾？再给各位对一篇难度最大的对话，而且今天把原文句子给你看，非要让你**明明白白。没有勇气的请直接跳到下面看阅读解析。
Why does the student go to see the professor?
To ask the professor’s opinion of his research topic
原文：I have this idea of a survey, but I wanted to run it by you first.
Why does the professor mention the campus library?
To demonstrate her assertion that universities often have their own urban legends
原文：You know most colleges have their own legends. There's one in our campus library that it is sinking into the ground because the architects designed in the comfortable way of the books.
What variable in the original study does the student mention?
The amount of detail in the stories
原文：Students have received different versions of the stories. Some had added details that others didn't.
What is the student’s opinion of the results of the study?
He finds them to be quite surprising.
原文：I want to compare the findings from my study with the one I read about. I actually had to read the results section of the study twice to make sure I wasn't misinterpreting it. Apparently adding details to the original story didn't affect whether the students believe them or whether they repeated them. That caught me a little off guard.
How does the student plan to make his study different from the original study?
He will consider the effect of different topics.
原文：I also like to explore whether the topic of a story has an effect on its believability. So one of the stories will be set in the university, like the one you mentioned about the library. I anticipate it will be more believable than the others since students can relate to it.
今天的听力部分和之前托福考试呈现出来的趋势一样，是四项当中难度增长最大的一项，今天也不例外。现在的TPO难度达不到考试的难度，很多考生考的之后才体会到落差之大。难度主要体现在三个方面：
对话学术化，且讨论的话题新颖；
对话语速快，听不到点，听到反应不过来，反应过来记不下笔记；
讲座逻辑层次复杂，正反辩论，结果小让步，大跨度小细节出双选。
先给各位讲一篇讲座，SECTION 2的STUDIO ART讲座。有一个单词，认识一下。
impasto
厚涂颜料的绘画法
这篇讲座举例提到梵高(van Gogh)，他是最早使用impasto的画家之一，我们欣赏一下。
这幅画有一段非常生动的描述：
“Van Gogh, the 19th century postimpressionist, was one of the first painters to use impasto in this way. Here is an example. In his painting of cypress trees. Notice the textures, the peaks and valleys created by the thick paint. By using impasto in this way, van Gogh communicated the shimmering movement in the trees and the sky. As viewers, we can almost feel the breeze blowing on that day.”
今天的考生，小心地对一下答案。中间四道题比较清晰，第一题和第六题需要综合全文。
1. What is the main focus of the lecture?
Changes over time in the way impasto effects are created
2. Why does the professor mention icing on a cake?
To describe the type of appearance that impasto gives to a painting
3. According to the professor, why did fifteenth-century painters use the impasto technique?
To give the sense that objects in a painting were reflecting light
4. Why does the professor show a painting by Van Gogh?
To illustrate that impasto is useful for conveying motion
5. According to the professor, why do some artists use impasto techniques today?
They have more choices of tools to create texture than artists did in the past.
6. What does the professor say are two keys to using the impasto technique?
Click on 2 answers
Applying a large amount of paint to a canvas
Manipulating the paint with quick movements
今天的考生对完上面这一篇，不知是否过瘾？再给各位对一篇难度最大的对话，而且今天把原文句子给你看，非要让你**明明白白。没有勇气的请直接跳到下面看阅读解析。
Why does the student go to see the professor?
To ask the professor’s opinion of his research topic
原文：I have this idea of a survey, but I wanted to run it by you first.
Why does the professor mention the campus library?
To demonstrate her assertion that universities often have their own urban legends
原文：You know most colleges have their own legends. There's one in our campus library that it is sinking into the ground because the architects designed in the comfortable way of the books.
What variable in the original study does the student mention?
The amount of detail in the stories
原文：Students have received different versions of the stories. Some had added details that others didn't.
What is the student’s opinion of the results of the study?
He finds them to be quite surprising.
原文：I want to compare the findings from my study with the one I read about. I actually had to read the results section of the study twice to make sure I wasn't misinterpreting it. Apparently adding details to the original story didn't affect whether the students believe them or whether they repeated them. That caught me a little off guard.
How does the student plan to make his study different from the original study?
He will consider the effect of different topics.
原文：I also like to explore whether the topic of a story has an effect on its believability. So one of the stories will be set in the university, like the one you mentioned about the library. I anticipate it will be more believable than the others since students can relate to it.
回忆12：
阅读新题解析
在经历了11月份连续两场老题拼盘之后，今天ETS迫不及待地给出了一套热呼呼刚出锅的新题：The Classic Mayan Collapse(古玛雅的衰落)，Sleep(睡眠)，和The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream(适宜鳟鱼栖息的河流所具备的品质)。不得不说，这三篇新题写的比较仓促，散布着诸多语法错误(详见下例)，这么高频率的语法错误，说明了什么，揭示了托福考试真正要考查的是什么，以及这套新题里还出现了哪些新动向，对考生又有什么启示？
1. 病句解析+托福真正考点揭示
病句1
Lowland centers whose success depended on internal trade routes were no longer in the heart of the economic and political action, as the Putun gained power, the focus of trade seems to have moved toward the coasts
在经历了11月份连续两场老题拼盘之后，今天ETS迫不及待地给出了一套热呼呼刚出锅的新题：The Classic Mayan Collapse(古玛雅的衰落)，Sleep(睡眠)，和The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream(适宜鳟鱼栖息的河流所具备的品质)。不得不说，这三篇新题写的比较仓促，散布着诸多语法错误(详见下例)，这么高频率的语法错误，说明了什么，揭示了托福考试真正要考查的是什么，以及这套新题里还出现了哪些新动向，对考生又有什么启示？
1. 病句解析+托福真正考点揭示
病句1
Lowland centers whose success depended on internal trade routes were no longer in the heart of the economic and political action, as the Putun gained power, the focus of trade seems to have moved toward the coasts
解析：来自第1篇文章古玛雅衰落，句子简化题所在考句。整句话，三个分句，只靠一个连接词“as”维系，特别悲惨。根据作者想传达的语意，应在as前加because。于是逻辑通达，读罢非常舒服：Lowland centers whose success depended on internal trade routes were no longer in the heart of the economic and political action, because as the Putun gained power, the focus of trade seems to have moved toward the coasts.
同样，第2篇文章Sleep开头段5句里连错2句，令人发指。
病句2
If nothing else, sleep might seem to take away from time that could be spent on productive, or even necessary, activities. But people cannot override indefinitely the desire to sleep, the body shuts down whether we like it or not.
解析：“if nothing else”，英语中常见俚语，表示“别的不说，至少”，是“if there is nothing else”的省略表达，如“If nothing else, you'll enjoy meeting them.（别的不说，至少你会很享受和他们的会面）”。第一句话里，作者想表达的是“别的不说，至少睡眠似乎夺走了这样的一些时间，这些时间本可以花费在卓有成果的生命活动上，甚至必要的生命活动上”。所以原句应改为“If nothing else, sleep might seem to take away time that could be spent on productive, or even necessary, activities.”否则的话，“take away from time”缺少“take away”的宾语，“take away sth. from time”，这个“sth.”会对读者在后文中形成不正确的期待，究竟是从时间中拿走了什么？其实并不是从时间中拿走什么，而是拿走了什么样的时间，即“take away time that…”。第二句里，but引导的句子与上句形成转折关系，但无法连接下句，应添加连接词and或so。意思是：人们不可能无休止地压制睡眠的欲望，(那么/所以)身体不管我们愿不愿意都会关闭而进入睡眠状态。即But people cannot override indefinitely the desire to sleep, and/so the body shuts down whether we like it or not.
其实，在11月26号的托福考试里，ETS也出了一个病句(详见下句标红部分)，根据这句话还设置了一道考题，ETS这么大胆放肆地写病句，而且还以病句为出题点，表明托福考试究竟要探查考验我们什么？它要考验的，不是完美的语法结构，而是顺应语言逻辑的脉动把握语意的能力。即，语言应用力！哪怕外观结构错了，意思却明白无误地传达了出去，被熟练掌握该语言的人所理解。这在听力中尤为明显，很多考生看着听力文稿经常发现一堆错误无法理解，但语言高手却可以越过形式直击意思，意思为王。下面这句话，考生试行能否按照英文逻辑的脉动直击意思。
病句3
Much of the investment went into equipment for new products and processes, since during the preceding years a backlog of technical innovations had built up that only awaited capital and skilled labor to be employed.
2. 新题新动向
2.1 题型动向
(1)增加“EXCEPT题”、“作者目的题”等需要大篇幅阅读的题目，弱化“指代题”等简单题目。例如，第二篇文章Sleep，一篇文章就出了3道“EXCEPT题”，远远超出官方指南对于该题型“0-2题/篇”的题量限定。
第16题According to paragraph 2, all of the following area considered to be evidence that sleep is needed for the body to repair itself EXCEPT
第23题According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT true of the circadian rhythms of animals?
第24题According to the circadian rhythm theory described in paragraph 5, which of the following does NOT determine the amount of time an animal sleeps?
同样，第2篇文章Sleep开头段5句里连错2句，令人发指。
病句2
If nothing else, sleep might seem to take away from time that could be spent on productive, or even necessary, activities. But people cannot override indefinitely the desire to sleep, the body shuts down whether we like it or not.
解析：“if nothing else”，英语中常见俚语，表示“别的不说，至少”，是“if there is nothing else”的省略表达，如“If nothing else, you'll enjoy meeting them.（别的不说，至少你会很享受和他们的会面）”。第一句话里，作者想表达的是“别的不说，至少睡眠似乎夺走了这样的一些时间，这些时间本可以花费在卓有成果的生命活动上，甚至必要的生命活动上”。所以原句应改为“If nothing else, sleep might seem to take away time that could be spent on productive, or even necessary, activities.”否则的话，“take away from time”缺少“take away”的宾语，“take away sth. from time”，这个“sth.”会对读者在后文中形成不正确的期待，究竟是从时间中拿走了什么？其实并不是从时间中拿走什么，而是拿走了什么样的时间，即“take away time that…”。第二句里，but引导的句子与上句形成转折关系，但无法连接下句，应添加连接词and或so。意思是：人们不可能无休止地压制睡眠的欲望，(那么/所以)身体不管我们愿不愿意都会关闭而进入睡眠状态。即But people cannot override indefinitely the desire to sleep, and/so the body shuts down whether we like it or not.
其实，在11月26号的托福考试里，ETS也出了一个病句(详见下句标红部分)，根据这句话还设置了一道考题，ETS这么大胆放肆地写病句，而且还以病句为出题点，表明托福考试究竟要探查考验我们什么？它要考验的，不是完美的语法结构，而是顺应语言逻辑的脉动把握语意的能力。即，语言应用力！哪怕外观结构错了，意思却明白无误地传达了出去，被熟练掌握该语言的人所理解。这在听力中尤为明显，很多考生看着听力文稿经常发现一堆错误无法理解，但语言高手却可以越过形式直击意思，意思为王。下面这句话，考生试行能否按照英文逻辑的脉动直击意思。
病句3
Much of the investment went into equipment for new products and processes, since during the preceding years a backlog of technical innovations had built up that only awaited capital and skilled labor to be employed.
2. 新题新动向
2.1 题型动向
(1)增加“EXCEPT题”、“作者目的题”等需要大篇幅阅读的题目，弱化“指代题”等简单题目。例如，第二篇文章Sleep，一篇文章就出了3道“EXCEPT题”，远远超出官方指南对于该题型“0-2题/篇”的题量限定。
第16题According to paragraph 2, all of the following area considered to be evidence that sleep is needed for the body to repair itself EXCEPT
第23题According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT true of the circadian rhythms of animals?
第24题According to the circadian rhythm theory described in paragraph 5, which of the following does NOT determine the amount of time an animal sleeps?
而今天考试的三篇文章里都没有出现“代词指代题”，远远低于官方指南对于该题型“0-2题/篇”的题量设定。原因很简单，这种题考查范围就是前后两句话的指代关系，很简单，想做错都很难，所以被偷偷砍掉了。取而代之的是，大幅提升需要整段阅读综合信息的题目。
2.2 文章动向
轻宏观而重细节。宏观很好把握，细节决定高手。宏观上，今天三篇文章都直接开门见山，首段就给出全文研究对象和展开结构。如第1篇文章The Classic Mayan Collapse(古玛雅的衰落)，描写玛雅的衰败景象后，直接给出所有原因(自然灾难、农业危机、人口压力和外族入侵)，以下各段逐个展开。第2篇文章Sleep，提问“人们为什么要睡眠”？然后给出三个原因解释：There are three general explanations that describe the adaptiveness of sleep: restoration, circadian cycles, and facilitation of learning. 同理，第3篇文章The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream，总结适宜鳟鱼栖息的河流具备的所有共同特征。这三篇文章的难点集中在细节展开部分，可谓迂回曲折，错综复杂。以最难的第2篇文章Sleep为例，做小示范。
人们为什么要睡眠，宏观上有三个原因：一是自我修复，二是生物节律使然，三是促进学习。我们给大家做第一个原因(自我修复)的细节部分的带读训练。第1句话：Surprisingly, most studies find that two or three days of deprivation have little effect on strength, athletic ability, or cognitive performance on complex tasks. 可见，缺少睡眠并不太影响人们的力气、运动能力和智商，似乎这些东西不需要修复。第2句：Performing boring or ordinary tasks when sleep deprived, however, is nearly impossible. 语义反转，缺少睡眠又影响着人们从事日常性、厌烦性工作。第3句：A brain-imaging study of sleep-deprived people found increased activation of the prefrontal cortex…由表入里，解释之所以会出现以上两种相反情况的原因。第4句：Over long periods, however, sleep deprivation eventually causes problems with mood and cognitive performance. 又一个语义反转，长期缺少睡眠跟刚刚提及的短期缺少睡眠的情况又不一样。第5句：Indeed, studies using rats have found that…“indeed”一起头，那个心塞啊，这又是要反转了不成？第6句：Interestingly, sleep deprivation might serve one very useful purpose…继续心塞中，还interestingly, useful purpos，缺少睡眠还有用？后面还有两句就不多说了，各种语义反转、回旋、施加各种具体不同条件下的不同结果，以及对“睡眠修复”假说造成的有利/不利冲击。然后看本段出题，那叫一个“绝”：
第17题Why does the author say “Performing boring or ordinary tasks when sleep deprived, however, is nearly impossible.” ?（与睡眠修复假说的关系，支持or削弱反对，此题尚可）
第18题According to paragraph 3, what was one unexpected finding reported by studies investigating sleep deprivation?（整段细节反转N次，密密麻麻恐怖中）
第19题Which of the following can be inferred from the discussion about sleep deprivation in paragraph 3?（要概括总结所有细节，揣摩作者心意）
告诉大家最后这题的正确答案吧：C. Sleep deprivation can have both positive and negative effects (双刃剑，居然可以这样！)
新题新动向中还有对“句子精准语义理解”的考查，即考生感觉自己都读懂了，但看到选项瞬间崩塌，因为四个选项都想选，精准语义的差别根本无法区分。篇幅关系，在此不展开了
2.2 文章动向
轻宏观而重细节。宏观很好把握，细节决定高手。宏观上，今天三篇文章都直接开门见山，首段就给出全文研究对象和展开结构。如第1篇文章The Classic Mayan Collapse(古玛雅的衰落)，描写玛雅的衰败景象后，直接给出所有原因(自然灾难、农业危机、人口压力和外族入侵)，以下各段逐个展开。第2篇文章Sleep，提问“人们为什么要睡眠”？然后给出三个原因解释：There are three general explanations that describe the adaptiveness of sleep: restoration, circadian cycles, and facilitation of learning. 同理，第3篇文章The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream，总结适宜鳟鱼栖息的河流具备的所有共同特征。这三篇文章的难点集中在细节展开部分，可谓迂回曲折，错综复杂。以最难的第2篇文章Sleep为例，做小示范。
人们为什么要睡眠，宏观上有三个原因：一是自我修复，二是生物节律使然，三是促进学习。我们给大家做第一个原因(自我修复)的细节部分的带读训练。第1句话：Surprisingly, most studies find that two or three days of deprivation have little effect on strength, athletic ability, or cognitive performance on complex tasks. 可见，缺少睡眠并不太影响人们的力气、运动能力和智商，似乎这些东西不需要修复。第2句：Performing boring or ordinary tasks when sleep deprived, however, is nearly impossible. 语义反转，缺少睡眠又影响着人们从事日常性、厌烦性工作。第3句：A brain-imaging study of sleep-deprived people found increased activation of the prefrontal cortex…由表入里，解释之所以会出现以上两种相反情况的原因。第4句：Over long periods, however, sleep deprivation eventually causes problems with mood and cognitive performance. 又一个语义反转，长期缺少睡眠跟刚刚提及的短期缺少睡眠的情况又不一样。第5句：Indeed, studies using rats have found that…“indeed”一起头，那个心塞啊，这又是要反转了不成？第6句：Interestingly, sleep deprivation might serve one very useful purpose…继续心塞中，还interestingly, useful purpos，缺少睡眠还有用？后面还有两句就不多说了，各种语义反转、回旋、施加各种具体不同条件下的不同结果，以及对“睡眠修复”假说造成的有利/不利冲击。然后看本段出题，那叫一个“绝”：
第17题Why does the author say “Performing boring or ordinary tasks when sleep deprived, however, is nearly impossible.” ?（与睡眠修复假说的关系，支持or削弱反对，此题尚可）
第18题According to paragraph 3, what was one unexpected finding reported by studies investigating sleep deprivation?（整段细节反转N次，密密麻麻恐怖中）
第19题Which of the following can be inferred from the discussion about sleep deprivation in paragraph 3?（要概括总结所有细节，揣摩作者心意）
告诉大家最后这题的正确答案吧：C. Sleep deprivation can have both positive and negative effects (双刃剑，居然可以这样！)
新题新动向中还有对“句子精准语义理解”的考查，即考生感觉自己都读懂了，但看到选项瞬间崩塌，因为四个选项都想选，精准语义的差别根本无法区分。篇幅关系，在此不展开了
回忆13：
综合写作新题回顾
阅读主要观点提取：
关于吸血鬼鱿鱼的研究并不多，它们究竟以什么为食并是个迷。一些生物学家认为它们是以海雪marine snow为食。作者认为这种猜测不可信。
首先，有缺氧的问题。海雪存在于在海洋深处氧气稀薄的地方。如果吸血鬼鱿鱼在此处以海雪为食，便会窒息而死。
第二，有被捕食的风险。吸血鬼鱿鱼必须保持静止才可以在它长长的爪子上收集到足够的有机残骸来吃。所以，它们很容易被捕食者攻击，数量会大幅度下降。
第三，与其他头足类动物的饮食特征不一样。吸血鬼鱿鱼属于头足类动物。大部分头足类动物是捕食活的猎物而非海雪。
听力主要观点提取：
教授认为吸血鬼鱿鱼就是以海雪为食的。
关于缺氧的问题。之所以很多海洋生物会缺氧，是因为它们在捕杀猎物的时候需要消耗很多氧气。然而，吸血鬼鱿鱼吃的是海雪，海雪可以源源不断地进入氧气稀薄的海洋深处。所以，它们的这种进食方式，不会有缺氧的问题。
关于容易被捕食的问题。吸血鬼鱿鱼是大部分都是深色的，所以在光线较暗的海洋深处，它们并不容易被捕食者发现。即使它们不幸被发现，它们的身上可以发出亮光，亮光会吓跑捕食者。
关于和其他头足类动物的饮食差异问题。之所以吸血鬼鱿鱼和其他头足类动物有不一样的捕杀习惯，是因为这样的饮食可以确保它们有足够的食物。它们在海底深处氧气稀薄的地方捕食，这样就可以避免和其他动物竞争食物，因为那些动物无法在海底深处存活。
阅读主要观点提取：
关于吸血鬼鱿鱼的研究并不多，它们究竟以什么为食并是个迷。一些生物学家认为它们是以海雪marine snow为食。作者认为这种猜测不可信。
首先，有缺氧的问题。海雪存在于在海洋深处氧气稀薄的地方。如果吸血鬼鱿鱼在此处以海雪为食，便会窒息而死。
第二，有被捕食的风险。吸血鬼鱿鱼必须保持静止才可以在它长长的爪子上收集到足够的有机残骸来吃。所以，它们很容易被捕食者攻击，数量会大幅度下降。
第三，与其他头足类动物的饮食特征不一样。吸血鬼鱿鱼属于头足类动物。大部分头足类动物是捕食活的猎物而非海雪。
听力主要观点提取：
教授认为吸血鬼鱿鱼就是以海雪为食的。
关于缺氧的问题。之所以很多海洋生物会缺氧，是因为它们在捕杀猎物的时候需要消耗很多氧气。然而，吸血鬼鱿鱼吃的是海雪，海雪可以源源不断地进入氧气稀薄的海洋深处。所以，它们的这种进食方式，不会有缺氧的问题。
关于容易被捕食的问题。吸血鬼鱿鱼是大部分都是深色的，所以在光线较暗的海洋深处，它们并不容易被捕食者发现。即使它们不幸被发现，它们的身上可以发出亮光，亮光会吓跑捕食者。
关于和其他头足类动物的饮食差异问题。之所以吸血鬼鱿鱼和其他头足类动物有不一样的捕杀习惯，是因为这样的饮食可以确保它们有足够的食物。它们在海底深处氧气稀薄的地方捕食，这样就可以避免和其他动物竞争食物，因为那些动物无法在海底深处存活。
满分范文：
Contrary to the belief in the reading, the lecture contradicts that the vampire squids are indeed feed on marine snow.
First, the lecture states that the lack of oxygen proposed by the writer is not a problem. Different from many ocean predators which need to exert their muscle energy when they chase prey, it is not necessary for the vampire squids to chase prey. It is because marine snow would flow down constantly in minimum oxygen zones. So they require less oxygen to survive in the deep ocean.
Second, in terms of the predators, the listening material contradicts the reading by saying that the squids can be protected against the danger of keeping motionless to feed. It is difficult for the predators to spot the dark-colored squids in the deep waters where is lack of light. Also, the squids can produce natural light on their body surfaces to scare predators when they are spotted by predators.
Finally, the professor sets forth that there is a good explanation for why vampire squids have different habits with other groups of cephalopods. The special diet of squids brings them a big advantage to compete for food with other animals. The reason is that they live in an area of the ocean in which most other animals cannot survive.
Contrary to the belief in the reading, the lecture contradicts that the vampire squids are indeed feed on marine snow.
First, the lecture states that the lack of oxygen proposed by the writer is not a problem. Different from many ocean predators which need to exert their muscle energy when they chase prey, it is not necessary for the vampire squids to chase prey. It is because marine snow would flow down constantly in minimum oxygen zones. So they require less oxygen to survive in the deep ocean.
Second, in terms of the predators, the listening material contradicts the reading by saying that the squids can be protected against the danger of keeping motionless to feed. It is difficult for the predators to spot the dark-colored squids in the deep waters where is lack of light. Also, the squids can produce natural light on their body surfaces to scare predators when they are spotted by predators.
Finally, the professor sets forth that there is a good explanation for why vampire squids have different habits with other groups of cephalopods. The special diet of squids brings them a big advantage to compete for food with other animals. The reason is that they live in an area of the ocean in which most other animals cannot survive.
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