当然,今天给各位分享的是另一篇讲座,第二个SECTION的第一篇生态学讲座,重复2015-07-04大陆真题。先来认识下面一组单词。
ecosystem n.生态系统
biodiversity n.生物多样性
dwelling n.住处,居住
roost n.栖息处 v.栖息
diameter n.直径
colony n.聚居地,群体
peeling n.剥皮
parasite n.寄生虫
incentive n.动机,刺激
其实上面的词汇并不难,但这篇讲座并不简单,原因是考点很细,细微到好几道题都是一句话带过。各位请看下面的笔记,仔细体会,今天的考生可以对一下答案。
1.What is the purpose of the professor’s discussion of forest-dwelling bats?
To illustrate why selecting trees to harvest is complicated
2.Why do forest-dwelling bats roost in trees on the edges of forests?
Those trees are easier for young bats to locate than other trees.
Those trees are warmer than other trees.
3.According to the professor, what may be the reason small, forest-dwelling bat species abandon their roosts in dead trees?
Dead tree bark peels and falls off over time.
4.Why does the professor mention cave-dwelling bats?
To explain why it is important to research a particular behavior of tree-dwelling bats
5.What does the professor imply about the reason that forest-dwelling bats switch roosts frequently?
It probably varies according to the species of bat.
6.Why does the professor say this:
“Of course being ecology students, you all realize that bats eat a lot of insects, and may be a key factor in controlling forest pests.”
To ensure that students recognize the importance of the topic she is discussing
2. 三篇阅读新题的解析
今天阅读三篇文章是:Habitat Selection by Birds (鸟类的栖息地选择),Transportation and American Development (交通和美国的发展),和How Earth’s Oceans Formed (地球海洋如何形成)。
第1篇话题重复2014.05.17 Habitat Selection和2013.03.30 Habitat Selection of Animals;第2篇话题重复2016.08.27 Impact of Railroad Transportation in the United States和2016.08.20 Nineteenth-century Railroads in the United States;第3篇话题重复2016.02.27和2014.11.09 Formation of Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceans。虽内容类似,但为完全不同的一套新题,难度适中。
三篇文章内容快速串讲
第1篇“鸟类的栖息地选择”,按照分类的方式描写鸟类选择栖息地时的影响因素:栖息地的地貌特征(从整体上的植被覆盖量和湖泊水域大小,到具体层面上是否存在充足的落脚点用于鸣唱),用于建造巢穴的有利地点,和食物的供应量等因素。
第2篇“交通和美国的发展”,首先介绍美国的运河和蒸汽船(steamboat)的发展,由此将美国中东部广大地区联系起来,形成更大的市场,推动经济发展;然后介绍火车和铁路的发展,并将铁路与运河做比较,指出铁路运输的优势,最终取代运河。
第3篇“地球海洋如何形成”,与昨天的考试文章“地球大气的形成”极为相像,文章前半部分都首先介绍地球的形成过程,只有当地球形成后,海洋才能够形成;文章后半部分描写海洋的形成与科学家原来预想的并不相同(传统的观点都是错的),根据现在证据显示,地球海洋的形成不是在地球逐渐冷却时火山喷发中的水蒸气冷凝形成,而是在地球形成早期时和其他小行星体的猛烈碰撞中,释放巨大热量产生高温融化了本就存在于地球岩石中的水,使之释放于地表形成海洋。
难点解析
三篇文章,一文二理(美国历史+生物+地球科学)。难点体现在文科语言的抽象复杂(长难句),以及理科原理的阐明,需要前后整体阅读综合理解,搞清事物发展的来龙去脉。
考句1
If steamboats and canals boosted the market access, and hence the profitability, of vast sections of the continent, the railroad generalized this process by expanding the area of land that could be profitably exploited almost to infinity.
解析:这是第2篇文章“交通和美国的发展”的句子简化题所在句。首先需要解决句中标红的单词:generalized推广普及,当然也有概括总结的意思,但需根据语境选取恰当意思“推广普及”;infinity无限大。然后,在句意联结中需要将逗号后的“of vast sections…”与更前面的“the market access”相连,而不是与就近的“and hence the profitability”相连。
整句话意思是:如果蒸汽船和运河推动了北美大陆大片地区的市场连接,并因此推动了这些大片地区的利润增长,那么铁路,则通过扩大这些(很可能被开发利用至无穷大利益的)土地面积,推广普及了这一市场连接和利润增长的过程。
注意:这句话最难在于对generalized的词义理解,要学会根据语境取恰当意思。同理,看以下两个考句,体会句中标红单词。
考句2
The enormous financial success of this line spawned imitators and encouraged governments to support railroad building.
解析:注意这句话中spawned意思的理解。原意是鱼虾产卵,在这里指大量激发、引起。
考句3
The enormous transport needs of the United States found their outlet in the railroad.
考句4
The traditional view notwithstanding, it probably did not happen that way…Once the Earth embryo was the size of Mercury, any incoming rock, be it the size of an asteroid or a small planet, would be accelerated to such a terrific velocity by Earth’s gravity that on impact it would shatter and melt or even vaporize...
解析:注意理科文章原理的阐明,需前后联系、整体阅读,搞清事物发展的来龙去脉。例如第3篇文章最后一段,解释地球海洋形成的最新原理,只读开头第一句话“The traditional view notwithstanding, it probably did not happen that way.”仍然无法理解,需向下文看去,读完整段才明白。这里,段间也夹杂着长难句。最难的是其中“be it the size of an asteroid or a small planet”的理解,是省略whether的条件句将谓语提前,补全省略内容还原语序为:whether it is the size of an asteroid or a small planet;然后注意“such…that…”完整意群的理解(如此…以致于)。最后段尾表明作者观点的一句“If Earth formed from colliding embryos, it formed not cold but hot, and , assuming there was water trapped in the rock, it formed wet, right from the beginning.”也需结合前面原因加以理解。