综合写作回顾和满分作文
阅读观点总结
总论点: Etruscans是曾定居在意大利的一个古老的欧洲民族,对于这一民族的根源一直存在争议。有学者认为Etruscans来自土耳其的一个地区,并给出了以下证据来支持这一观点。
分论点一:一个著名古历史学家Horodotus的作品表明Etruscan人来自土耳其。据Horodotus所说,土耳其西部的一个王国在遭遇饥荒之后,有一部分人坐船离开并定居在了意大利,他们就是最初的Etruscan人。
分论点二: Etruscan的语言证明了他们来自土耳其。Etruscan的语言属于Tyrrhenian语系,而在一个临近土耳其的岛屿上发现了Tyrrhenian语系的铭文。因为有相同语言的民族通常来自同一个地方,所以Etruscan很有可能确实来自土耳其。
分论点三:一种Etruscan饲养的牛也可以证明他们来自土耳其。这种牛和意大利本地的牛基因相差很大,却跟土耳其地区的牛相似度很高。
听力观点总结
总论点: Etruscan来自土耳其这一观点没有说服力,阅读中提到的证据都存在弱点。
分论点一:Horodotus的记录并不总是可信的。比如,在他的写作中提到了某个遥远的国家里有一种巨大的昆虫可以吃人,这一听就是编造出来的故事。因此,Horodotus的记录并不总是可靠。
分论点二: 在土耳其附近的岛屿上发现Tyrrhenian语系的铭文并不能证明Etruscan人来自土耳其。恰恰相反,由于Etruscan人善于航海,很有可能是这个岛屿上的铭文是Etruscan人航行到那里的时候留下的。
分论点三:牛的基因相近并不能说明他们主人的根源地。因为Etruscan人擅长贸易,所以有可能他们是通过贸易进口了来自土耳其的牛,并开始饲养它们。
满分范文
The reading material proposes several pieces of evidence to prove that the Etruscans originated from Turkey. Nevertheless, the listening suggests that this conclusion is not convincing and each of the arguments made in the passage has crucial weaknesses.
In the first place, the writer says that the writing of an ancient historian Herodotus confirmed that Etruscans came from Turkey. On the contrary, the professor points out that his writing was not always reliable. For example, Herodotus recorded in his books that there was a kind of huge insects in a distant country which could eat people. This unbelievable story indicates that Herodotus’ writing was not necessarily true.
Second, the reading states that the Tyrrhenian inscriptions found on an island near Turkey shows the origin of Etruscans. However, the lecture refutes the idea by saying that it could be just the opposite. Since Etruscans were good seafarers, they could probably sail for the island and left the inscriptions there. Therefore, it is likely that the language on the island came from Etruscans, not the other way around.
Finally, although the author believes that the genetic similarity of cows demonstrates Etruscans’ Turkish origin, the professor argues that the cows cannot represent their owners. Because Etruscans were good traders, they could easily import some cows from Italy and then start breeding them. Thus, the third argument in the reading is also denied by the professor.