托福考试技巧：托福听力出题点分析
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托福听力出题点分析~
提高托福听力成绩，掌握基本的做题技巧也很重要，接下来我们就来看看，托福的听力出题点吧～
1. 专有名词
在托福真题听力中，我们经常会听到一些抽象名词或者是专业名词。
例如：Orion
Professor：Good, that’s a prominent constellation. Let’s take a look at Orion. The name refers to a hunter in Greek mythology. Orion is usually visible in the night sky from November to February when it’s winter in the norther hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere.
Lecture中教授提到了猎户星座，并详细介绍了猎户星座在不同半球的可见时间。
题目问 提及猎户星座的原因：
1. Why does the student mention Orion
A. To explain how she became interested in astronomy
B. To point out that the pattern of stars in a constellation can be difficult to identify
C. To give an example of a constellation named after a mythological figure
D. To ask a question about the names of constellations
再例如：IAU
So, in the 1920s the international astronomical union or IAU came up with an official list of 88 constellations.The IAU first had to agree on a list of constellations that combined traditional constellations with constellations that had been established more recently.Then, they defined precise boundaries for each constellation.
教授在Lecture中说到了国际天文协会IAU。IAU提出了含有88个星座的官方列表，列表结合了传统星座和新星座。他们还有每个星座划定了明确的界限。
题干问IAU的成就：
2.According to the professor, what were the accomplishments of the International Astronomical Union in the 1920s
Click on 2 answers.
A. Assigning scientific names to the traditional constellations
B. Determining the approximate number of stars in each constellation
C. Deciding which star configurations should be considered constellations
D. Dividing the night sky into well-defined regions
2. 原因、结果
任何类型的lecture题目当中都有可能会考到此类问题。一般来讲，在托福听力中，表示原因的听力内容值得我们的关注，在托福听力有较多的表达原因的逻辑词，常常我们都会误以为只有because会考到，这是由于我们日常接触的原因类的词汇只有一个。事实上有since、as、 for、 the reason is that 等表达方式都表示原因，这需要我们的日常积累。
TPO 18 European History:
It’s commonly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat. But this isn’t really true. Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat.
We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food, and if you were caught doing it, you were subject to various fines, humiliating public punishments. So what actually was true was this: In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice. Spices actually aren’t very effective as preservatives.
人们普遍认为中世纪的欧洲人想要香料来掩盖变质肉的味道。但事实并非如此。每一个担心变质肉的人一开始都买不起香料。如果你买得起香料，你肯定买得起新鲜的肉。也有证据表明，中世纪的各个市场都雇用了一种警察来确保人们不会出售变质的食品，如果你被抓到这样做，你将受到各种各样的罚款和羞辱性的公共处罚。所以事实上是这样的：为了过冬，人们会把肉放在盐里保存，而不是放在香料里。香料实际上并不是很有效的防腐剂。
What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat? Click on 2 answers
A、Fresh meat was less expensive than spices were.
B、Spices were mainly used in incense and perfume.
C、The sale of spoiled food was prohibited.
D、Salt was cheaper than most spices were.
此题就有明显的因果关系，其中香料不能用来掩盖变质肉的气味因为：
1. 香料的价格比肉贵；
2. 有严格的惩罚。
3. 例子
在托福听力中，通常会使用不同的例子来加强教授内容的学术严谨性，论证教授的观点所以当听力中出现for example、 for instance、 let’s say, let’s put it this way, just like、just as, as we all know 等说法时我们一定要保持足够的警觉。
/例1：
In other words, these same basic strategies are used by the chameleons and frogs and insects we talked about. And by larger animals as well, for example the tiger’s example of black stripes on a lighter background is a form of disruptive coloration…
Lecture 中讲述了不仅变色龙、青蛙和昆虫会使用这些技巧。一些大型动物也会使用伪装技巧，于是提到了老虎的例子来佐证
1. Why does the professor mention the tiger
A. To illustrate that the results of the cephalopod research can be extended to many other animals
B. To give an example of an animal whose crypsis strategy has been extensively studied
C. To point out how different its crypsis strategy is from the strategy used by smaller animals
D. To argue that predators rely on crypsis less than prey species do
题干问教授提及老虎的原因？正如文中所讲述的，不仅两栖动物和昆虫会使用这些伪装技巧，大型动物也一样，例如老虎。
例2：
Professor：Yeah, and that’s the beauty of the synthesizer.You can make sounds faster, slower, higher pitched, lower pitched, you can of course change the volume.You can make a single chord reverberate through an entire song, something the best musicians can’t do with a conventional instrument.And all of this can be done as you can imagine relatively quickly.No more tape splicing. It’s kind of like making furniture using modern power tools instead of hand tools.The difference is that dramatic.
讲述了合成器的美妙之处。你可以让声音变快、变慢、变高、变低，也可以改变音量。你可以让一个和弦在整首歌中回响，这是最好的音乐家用传统乐器做不到的。没有磁带的拼接。这有点像使用现代电动工具而不是手工工具来制作家具。差别很大
题干：教授提及制作家具的原因
1. Why does the professor mention furniture making
A. To explain that creativity is required whether composing music electronically or traditionally
B. To emphasize the relative ease of composing music on a synthesizer
C. To suggest that given the right tools, almost anyone can compose music
D. To demonstrate that electronic music is a unique art form
讲述了使用合成器制作音乐的优势，犹如使用现代工具来制作家具一样简单便捷。
4. 数字
此类题目一般会出现我们所谓的多选题，一般会考到具体的细节的作用、表现形式、逻辑关系等。比如音乐发展史的听力文本中提及了three breakthroughs。
/例如：
Professor：Probably the most important musical development of the twentieth century was the emergence of electronic music. The ability to generate sound electronically opened up many new possibilities for composers.So, let’s look at three major breakthroughs in this area.
这是一篇关于音乐发展史的lecture，其中提到了three breakthroughs，预示了文章的结构走向。
最后希望这些听力小技巧可以帮到大家，祝大家在托福听力考试中取得好的成绩～
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