2017年9月30日大陆考区雅思A类笔试真题+答案+回忆蹲点
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2017年9月30日大陆考区雅思A类笔试真题答案回忆蹲点回忆1： 大陆 流程图，make sofe cheese,大作文widespread of use of internet let people have freedom to be at home instead of traveling to work or study. Do adv outweigh disadv.大概是这个
回忆2：第一篇是关于冰箱的发展，大概是运输保存之类的，第二篇是自然污水净化，第三篇是探索火星blabla回忆3： 小作文：流程图，奶酪的制作
大作文：
In some countries, the widespread use of internet has given people more freedom to work or study at home instead of traveling to work or college. Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages?
回忆4：阅读第一篇：冷冻运输的历史
History of Refrigeration
A
The term refrigeration refers to cooling an area or substance below the environmental temperature, the process of removing heat. Mechanical refrigeration uses the evaporation of a liquid refrigerant to absorb heat. The refrigerant goes through a cycle so that it can be reused, the main cycles are; vapour-compression, absorption, steam-jet or steam-ejector, and air. Maryland farmer Thomas Moore first introduced the term Refrigerator in 1803, the appliance we know today first appeared in the 20th century.
B
Prior to mechanical refrigeration systems, people found different ways of preserving their food. Some people preferred to use cooling systems of ice or snow found either locally or brought down from mountains and sometimes stored in cellars. Using those techniques meant that diets would have consisted of very little fresh food or fruits and vegetables, but mostly of bread, cheese and salted meats. Milk and cheeses were difficult to keep fresh, they were usually stored in a cellar or window box, but despite those methods, they could not prevent rapid spoilage. People were more than ready for a better system of preserving food.Later on, it was discovered that adding chemicals like sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate to water caused the temperature to fall. Cooling wine with this technique was first recorded in 1550, as was the term “to refrigerate”. Cooling drinks became very popular by 1600 in Europe, especially in Spain, Italy and France. Instead of cooling water at night, people used a new technique; rotating long necked bottles in water which held dissolved saltpeter. The solution was used to create very low temperatures and even to make ice. By the end of the 17th century, iced drinks including frozen juices and liquors were very popular in French society.
C
A demand for ice soon became very strong. Consumer demand for fresh food, especially produce, led to diet reform between 1830 and the Civil War, fueled by the dramatic growth of cities and the improvement in economic status of the general populace. And as cities grew, so did the distance between the consumer and the source of the food. In 1799, ice was first shipped commercially out of Canal Street in New York City to Charleston, South Carolina. The attempt was a failure as there was very little ice left when the shipment arrived. Frederick Tudor and Nathaniel Wyeth of New England saw the great potential that existed for the ice business and revolutionized the industry with their efforts in the first half of the 1800s. Tudor, who was known as the “Ice King”, was more focused on shipping ice to tropical climates. To ensure his product would arrive safely, he experimented with different insulating materials and built icehouses that decreased melting losses from 66 percent to less than 8 percent. Wyeth developed a method of cheaply and quickly cutting uniform blocks of ice that transformed the ice industry. He made speed handling techniques in storage, transportation and distribution possible, with less waste.
D
Eventually it became clear that the ice being scraped was not all clean and was causing health problems. It was becoming an increasingly difficult task to find clean sources of natural ice and by the 1890’s, pollution and sewage dumping had made the job seem even more impossible. The first signs were noticed in the brewing industry, and then the meat packing and dairy industries became seriously affected. Some sort of clean, mechanical refrigeration was desperately needed.
E
Many inventive men were involved in the eventual creation of the refrigerator, through different discoveries that each built on the next. Dr. William Cullen, a Scotsman, was the first to study the evaporation of liquids in a vacuum in 1720. He later demonstrated the first known artificial refrigeration at the University of Glasgow in 1748 by letting ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. Olvier Evans, an American inventor, designed the first refrigeration machine to use vapor instead of liquid in 1805. Although he did not actually build it, an American physician named John Gorrie, produced one very similar to Evans’ in 1842 to cool the patients with yellow fever in a Florida hospital. His basic principle is still the most often used in refrigerators today. He found the best way to cool the air was by compressing a gas, then cooling it by sending it through radiating coils, and then expanding it to lower the temperature even more. Evans was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration in 1851 after giving up his medical practice to focus on his experimentation with ice making. In 1820 Michael Faraday, a Londoner, first liquefied ammonia to cause cooling. Ferdinand Carre of France developed the first ammonia/water refrigeration machine in 1859. Carl von Linde was also very influential in the creation of refrigeration. In 1873 he designed the first practical and portable compressor refrigeration machine in Munich and in 1876 he began using an ammonia cycle rather than the methyl ether he used in his earlier models. Linde later developed a new method (Linde technique) for the liquefaction of large quantities of air in 1894. The meat packing industry in Chicago was the next to adopt mechanical refrigeration nearly a decade later.F
Beginning in the 1840s, refrigerated cars were used to transport milk and butter. By 1860, refrigerated transport was limited to mostly seafood and dairy products. The refrigerated railroad car was patented by J.B. Sutherland of Detroit, Michigan in 1867. He designed an insulated car with ice bunkers in each end. Air came in on the top, passed through the bunkers, and circulated through the car by gravity, controlled by the use of hanging flaps that created differences in air temperature. There were different car designs based upon the type of cargo, whether meat or fruit. The first refrigerated car to carry fresh fruit was built in 1867 by Parker Earle of Illinois, who shipped strawberries on the Illinois Central Railroad. Each chest contained 100 pounds of ice and 200 quarts of strawberries. It wasn until 1949 that a refrigeration system made its way into the trucking industry by way of a roof-mounted cooling device, patented by Fred Jones.
G
Refrigerators that were built in the late 1800s to 1929 used the toxic gases; methyl chloride, ammonia and sulphur dioxide as refrigerants. There were numerous fatal accidents that occurred in the 1920s when methyl chloride leaked out of refrigerators. After the terrible incidents, three American companies began researching less dangerous methods of refrigeration. Frigidaire discovered a new class of synthetic refrigerants called halocarbons or CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in 1928. That research lead to the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons (Freon), which quickly became the standard used in compressor refrigerators. Freon was safer for those nearby but was later discovered in 1973 by Prof. James Lovelock, to be harmful to the ozone layer. To prevent further damage, new developments were made, such as Hydroflourocarbons which have no known effect on the ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS) are no longer used; they are outlawed in several places, making refrigeration far safer today than it has ever been.
答案：1.C2. A3. E4. B5. D6. C7. F8. E9. A10. B11. D12. E13. A第二篇：新植物净水Water Treatment 2: Reed BedA Nowadayssubsurface flow wetlands are a common alternative in Europe for the treatment of wastewater in rural areas. Mainly in the last 10 to 12 years there has been a significant growth in thenumberandsize of thesystemsinuse. Compared to common treatment facilities, wetlands are lower in cost investment, lesser to maintain, and are ideal for densely populated rural or suburban areas rather than urban areas.B The Common Reed has the ability to transfer oxygen from its leaves, down through its stem and rhizomes, and out via its root system. As a result of this action, a very high population of micro-organisms occurs in the root system, with zones of aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions. Therefore with the waste water moving very slowly and carefully through the mass of Reed roots, this liquid can be successfully treated.CAstraightforward definition of a reed bedis if you havedirty water in your pool or water, which is heavily polluted, Reed Beds will be planted to make thewaterclean again. This is good forecology andliving organisms and fish in the water. Reed Beds have a wide range of qualities and are acceptable for cleaning everything from secondary to tertiary treatment of mild domestic effluent, to rural waste and even heavy industrial contaminants. The reason why they’re so effective is often because within the bed’s root sector, natural biological, physical and chemical processes interact with one another to degrade or remove a good range of pollutants. Reed beds can be built in a number of variants, but mainly they are of the horizontal flow or vertical (down) flow configuration where water flows throughthebeds horizontally or vertically.HORIZONTAL FLOW REED BED SYSTEMSD Horizontal-flow wetlands may be of two types: free-water surface-flow (FWF)or sub-surface water-flow (SSF). In theformer theeffluentflows freely above the sand/gravelbedin which thereeds etc.are planted;in thelatter effluentpasses through the sand/gravel bed. In FWF-type wetlands, effluent is treated by plant stems, leaves and rhizomes. Such FWF wetlands are densely planted and typically have water-depths of less than 0.4m. However, dense planting can limit oxygen diffusion into the water. These systems work particularly well for low strength effluents or effluents that have undergone some form of pretreatment and play an invaluable role in tertiary treatment andthe polishing of effluents. The horizontal reed flowsystem uses a long reed bed, where the liquid slowly flows horizontally through. The length of the reed bed is about 100 meters. The downside of the horizontal reed beds is that they use up lots of land space and they do take quite a long time to produce clean water.VERTICAL FLOW REED BED SYSTEMSE A vertical flow reed bed is a sealed, gravel filled trench with reeds growing in it (see the picture below). The common reed oxygenates the water, which helps to create the right environment for colonies of bacteria to break down unwanted organic matter and pollutants. The reeds also make the bed attractive to wildlife.How a vertical flow reed bed works?FInvertical flow (downflow) reed beds, thewastewater is applied on topof thereed bed,flows down througha rhizomezone with sludge as substrate, thenthe root zone with sand as substrate and followed by a layer of gravel for drainage, andis collected in an under drainage system of large stones. The effluen flow sonto the surface of the bed and percolates slowly through the different layers into an outlet pipe, which leads to a horizontal flow bed and is cleaned by millions of bacteria, algae, fungi, and microorganisms that digest the waste, including sewage. There is no standing water so there should be no unpleasant smells.G Vertical flow reed bed systems are much more effective than horizontal flow reed-beds not only in reducing biochemical oxygen demanded (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) levels but also in reducing ammonia levels and eliminating smells. Usually considerably smaller than horizontal flow beds, but they are capable of handling much stronger effluents which contain heavily polluted matters and have a longer lifetime value. A vertical Reed bed system works more efficiently than a horizontalreed bed system, but it requires more management, and its reed beds are often operated for a few days then rested, so several beds and a distribution system are needed.H There are several advantages of Reed Bed Systems over traditional forms of water treatment: first, they have low construction and running costs; second, they are easy management; third, they have an excellent reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids; last, they have a potential for efficientremovalof a wide range of pollutants.I Reed beds are natural habitatsfound in floodplains, waterlogged depressionsand estuaries. The natural bed systems are a biologically proved, an environmentally friendly and visually unobtrusive way of treating wastewater, and have the extra virtue of frequently been better than mechanical wastewater treatment systems. In the medium to long term reed bed systems are, in most cases, more cost effective in installment than any other wastewater treatment. They are robust and require little maintenance. They are naturally environmentally sound protecting groundwater, dams, creeks, rivers and estuaries.
Questions 14-16.............................................................................Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14-16 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEif the sataement agrees with the informationFALSEif the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVENif there is no information on this14 The Reed bed system is a conventional method for water treatment in urban area.15In the reed roots, there’s a series of process that help breakdown the pollutants.16 Escherichiacoliis themost difficultbacteriato be dismissed.Questions 17-19.............................................................................Complete the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage foreach answer.Downflow Reed Bed System19.Questions 20-24.............................................................................Use the information in the passage to match the advantages and disadvantages of thetwo systems: horizontal flow system and down-flow system (listed A-H) below.Write theappropriate letters A-H in boxes 20-24 on your answer sheet.20 is the advantage of the down-flow system. However, 21 and22 are the disadvantages of thedown-flow system 23 and 24 are the two benefits of the horizontal flow system However it’s less effective and efficient.A It candeal with a more seriously pollutedeffluent.BIt has more beds than the other.CIt needs less control and doesn’t need to be taken care of all the time.DIt requires a lot of guidance.E It can’t work all the time because the pool needs time to rest and recover after a certain period.FIt’s a lot more complicated to build the system.GThe system is easy to be built.HIt consumes less water.Questions 25-26.............................................................................Choose two correct letters, from the following A, B, C, D or E.Write your answers in boxes 25-26 on your answer sheet.What are thetwo benefitsof natural bedsystemswhen compared to the conventional systems?AOperation does not require electricity or fuel supply.BThey’re visually good and environmental friendly.CNo mechanical systems are involved.DThey’re easily to be built and cost less.
答案：14. FALSE15. TRUE16. NOT GIVEN17. sludge18. sand19. gravel20. A21. B22. E23. C24. G25. B26. D第三篇：火星探索The Exploration of MarsAIn 1877, Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Ialian astronomer, made drawings and maps of the Martian surface that suggested strange features. The images from telescopes at this time were not as sharp as today’s. Schiaparelli said he could see a network of lines, or canali. In 1894, an American astronomer, Percival Lowell, made a series of observations of Mars from his own observations of Mars from his own observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. Lowell was convinced a great network of canals had been dug to irrigate crops for the Martian race! He suggested that each canal had fertile vegetation on either side, making them noticeable from Earth. Drawings and globes he made show a network of canals and oases all over the planet.B The idea that there was intelligent life on Mars gained strength in the late 19th century. In 1898, H.G. Wells wrote a science fiction classic, The War ofthe Worlds about an invading force of Martians who try to conquer Earth. They use highly advanced technology (advanced for 1898) to crush human resistance in their path. In 1917, Edgar Rice Burroughs wrote the first in a series of 11 novels about Mars. Strange beings and rampaging Martian monsters gripped the public’s imagination. A radio broadcast by Orson Welles on Halloween night in 1938 of The War of the Worlds caused widespread panic across America. People ran into the streets in their pyjamas-millions believed the dramatic reports of a Martian invasion.C Probes are very important to our understanding of other planets. Much of our recent knowledge comes from these robotic missions into space. The first images sent back from Mars came from Mariner 4 in July 1965. They showed a cratered and barren landscape, more like the surface of our moon than Earth. In 1969, Mariners 6 and 7 were launched and took 200 photographs of Mars’s southern hemisphere and pole on fly-by missions. But these showed little more information. In 1971, Mariner 9’s mission was to orbit the planet every 12 hours. In 1975, The USA sent two Viking probes to the planet, each with a lander and an orbiter. The landers had sampler arms to scoop up Maritian rocks and did experiments to try and find signs of life. Although no life was found, they sent back the first colour pictures of the planet’s surface and atmosphere from pivoting cameras.D The ALH84001 meteorite(陨石）was found in December 1984 in Antarctica, by members of the ANSMET project; The sample was ejected from Mars about 17 million years ago and spent 11,000 years in or on the Antarctic ice sheets. Composition analysis by NASA revealed a kind of magnetite that on Earth, isonly found in association with certain microorganisms. Some structures resembling the mineralized casts of terrestrial bacteria and their appendages (fibrils) or by-products (extracellular polymeric substances) occur in the rims of carbonate globules and preterrestrial aqueous alteration regions. The size and shape of the objects is consistent with Earthly fossilized nanobacteria, but the existence of nanobacteria itself is controversial.E In 1965, the Mariner 4 probe discovered that Mars had no global magnetic field that would protect the planet from potentially life-threatening cosmic radiation ( 宇宙 射 线 ）and solar radiation; observations made in the late 1990s by the Mars Global Surveyor confirmed this discovery. Scientists speculate that the lack of magnetic shielding helped the solar wind blowaway much of Mars’s atmosphere over the course of several billion years. After mapping cosmic radiation levels at various depths on Mars, researchers have concluded that any life within the first several meters of the planet’s surface would be killed by lethal doses of cosmic radiation. In 2007，it was calculated that DNA and RNA damage by cosmic radiation would limit lifeon Mars to depths greater than 7.5 metres below the planet’s surface. Therefore, the best potential locations for discovering life on Mars may be at subsurface environments that have not been studied yet. Disappearance ofthe magnetic field may played an significant role in the process of Martian climate change. According to the valuation of the scientists, the climate of Mars gradually transits from warm and wet to cold and dry after magnetic field vanished.F No Mars probe since Viking has tested the Martian regolith (风化层) peci- fically for metabolism (新陈 代 谢)which is the ultimate sign of current life. NASA’s recent missions have focused on another question: whether Mars held lakes or oceans of liquid water on its surface in the ancient past. Scientists have found hematite, a mineral that forms in the presence of water. Thus, the mission of the Mars Exploration Rovers of 2004 was not to look for present or past life, but for evidence of liquid water on the surface of Mars in the planet’s ancient past. Liquid water, necessary for Earth life and for metabolism as generally conducted by species on Earth, cannot exist on the surface of Mars under its present low atmospheric pressure and temperature, except at the lowest shaded elevations for short periods and liquid water does not appear at the surface itself. In March 2004, NASA announced that its rover Opportunity had discovered evidence that Mars was, in the ancient past, a wet planet. This had raised hopes that evidence of past life might be found on the planet today. ESA confirmed that the Mars Express orbiter had directly detected huge reserves of water ice at Mars’south pole in January 2004.G Two metres below the surface of the Atacama Desert there is an ‘oasis’of microorganisms. Researchers from the Center of Astrobiology (Spain) and the Catholic University of the North in Chile have found it in hypersaline substrates thanks to SOLID, a detector for signs of life which could be used inenvironments similar to subsoil on Mars. “We have named it a ‘microbial oasis’because we found microorganisms developing in a habitat that was rich in rock salt and other highly hygroscopic compounds that absorb water”, explained Victor Parro, researcher from the Center of Astrobiology (INTACSIC, Spain) and coordinator of the study. “If there are similar microbes on Mars or remains in similar conditions to the ones we have found in Atacama, we could detect them with instruments like SOLID”Parro highlightedH Even more intriguing, however, is the alternative scenario by Spanish scientists: If those samples could be found to have organisms that use DNA, as Earthly life does, as their genetic code. It is extremely unlikely that such a highly specialised, complex molecule like DNA could have evolved separately on the two planets, indicating that there must be a common origin for Martian and Earthly life. Life based on DNA first appeared on Mars and then spread to Earth, where it then evolved into the myriad forms of plants and creatures that exist today. If this was found to be the case, we would have to face the logical conclusion: we are all Martian. If not, we would continue to search the life of signs.
Questions 27-32The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27Martian evidence on Earth28Mars and Earth may share the same life origin29certain agricultural construction was depicted specifically30the project which aims to identify life under similar condition of Mars31Mars had experienced terrifying climate transformation32Attempts in scientific investigation to find liquid waterQuestions 33-36Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.33 How did Percival Lowell describe Mars in this passage?A Perfect observation location is in Arizona.BCanals of Mars are broader than that of the earth.CDedicated water and agriculture trace is similar to the earth.D Actively moving Martian lives are found by observation.34How did people change their point of view towards Mars from 19th century?A They experienced Martian attack.BThey learned knowledge of mars through some literature worksCThey learned new concept by listening famous radio program.D They attended lectures given by famous writers.35 In 1960s, which information is correct about Mars by a number of Probes sent to the space?A It has a landscape full of rock and riverBIt was not as vivid as the earthCIt contained the same substance as in the moonD It had different images from the following probes36 What is the implication of project proceeded by technology called SOLID in Atacama Desert?A It could be employed to explore organisms under Martian condition.BThis technology could NOT be used to identify life on similar condition of Mars.CAtacama Desert is the only place that has a suitable environment for organisms.D Life had not yet been found yet in Atacama Desert.Questions 37-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEif the sataement agrees with the informationFALSEif the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVENif there is no information on this37 Technology of Martian creature was superior than what human had at that time in every field according to The War of the Worlds.38 Proof sent by Viking probes has not been challenged yet. 39Analysis on meteorite from Mars found a substance which is connected tosome germs.40 According to Victor Parro, their project will be deployed on Mars after they identified DNA substance on earth.
答案：
27. B
28. H
29. A
30. G
31. E
32. F
33. C
34. B
35. B
36. A
37. NOT GIVEN
38. FALSE
39. TRUE
40. NOT GIVEN回忆5： 听力
SECTION 1
主题：旅行问题
关键词：住处的描述以及可以选择的trip
答案（选项）：
8.37
safe
reception
helicopter
whales
顺序可能有误
SECTION 2
主题：选择的能量课程
关键词：Henry和Jade
答案（选项）：
配对题：ACABB
（A是Henry，male；B是Jade，female）
选择题：
surveying
geothermal energy
management skills
registration arrangement
SECTION 3
主题：展会的选择
关键词：一艘叫Len的船，以及各种活动的配对
答案（选项）：
匹配题：ACCBBA
SECTION 4
主题：运动员基因
关键词：
答案（选项）：
performance
oxygen
red blood cells
average
feet
bones
arms
heart rate
hurry up
shark
顺序可能有误
回忆6：听力S1一男生向女生咨询旅游信息，女生的父母住在那里1-10 Completion
1. 8.37 pounds per person 一个床位的价钱
2. two nights hostel要求至少要住两天
3. soap是不包括在价钱里的
4. 房间的命名是通过music
5. 会有一个 well-equipped的kitchen
6. reception是24小时的
7. 贵重物品可以存放在safe
8. 推荐旅游方式，一天的可以去city
9. 两天的可以去看鲸鱼whales
10.可以乘坐helicopter
版本二：
S2 航海船的变化11. 1901年船发生的变化：A. carved by a log
12. 最终的计划是 eventual plan： global travel
13. 某个年代遇到了什么问题：A. loss of instruments
14.the purpose of going to London visited by more people 展示给更多的人
15.船最终去哪里了 C taken of Victoria
16-20配对
后面介绍了几种船和船的特点
第一个船Tiny xx——steer the boat就是可以自己上去开
第二个船 ——可以看到marine animals
第三个 一一可以看到bird fly
第四个 ——take their own vehicles可以带自己的交通工具
第五个 ——可以了解到marine history版本二：
S3 两个学生讨论项目专业的原因21-25：配对 选这个大学的原因（A. Jade; B.Herry; C. both of them）21. A22. C23.B24. B25. C26-30单选题：26. A: Sureying27. A : Chemistry28. B: geometric enery29. B: management skills30. A registration arrangement版本二：
S4 体育与科学的研究版本二：回忆7：回忆8：回忆9：回忆10：回忆11：回忆12：
为更好地促进做好Edward艾华师最新预测,请烤鸭们积极回忆在本文下面评论栏目里面,请尽量详细,并标明城市考点,A/G类,听力,阅读,大小作文,谢谢！特请亚太其他国家,欧洲,北美,南美,非洲等其他考区的烤鸭们也积极回忆吧
2017年9月21日雅思听力四旧，阅读三旧、大小作文、口语等大部分真题原题全面大中，全面开花！祝贺IPN会员将出现不少雅思高分人才！总体反馈请复制链接进入http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-235631-1-1.html和http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/forum-39-1.html
特别提醒：雅思考试20多年来，有非常严格的规律性和出题思路。全世界有6大考区，而只有一个剑桥考试中心几个人在出题，每个考区一周平均要出一份考卷，一个月出24份考卷，考官如何保证达到难度一样呢，如何保证新题难度、准确度和评价机制公平呢，所以只能是20年来的题库旧题目的有效组合，新题不能超出5-10%,每份雅思卷子都是95%-99%以上旧题原题真题。多年雅思考官和专家Edward老师非常熟悉雅思出题规律和听说读写题库出题组合卷子的秘诀，IPN资料因此而诞生！具体请阅读http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/thread-32-1-1.html
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