托福阅读备考--如何掌握最难题之细节题
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阅读最难题之插入句子题
阅读最难题之推断题
最难题之细节题
老规矩，先做题再看解析咯~
TPO33
Railroads and Commercial Agriculture
in Nineteenth-Century United States
Paragraph 3：
The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade. In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid warehouses. Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the new rail lines. Chicago became the region’s hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South’s overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.
According to paragraph 3, what was a disadvantage of shipping goods from
northwestern areas to New Orleans?
A) There was no reliable way to get goods from New Orleans to eastern cities.
B) The cost of shipping goods by river to New Orleans continued to increase.
C) Goods shipped from New Orleans’ neighboring areas had a significant
competitive advantage because of their lower transportation costs.
D) The temperatures and humidity.
解题思路
这道题目之所以难，主要是迷惑性选项多而且复杂。
首先我们按照事实信息题的普遍思路去做这道题目，根据关键信息“northwestern areas to New Orleans”可以定位到原文“In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans.”
又因为问题问的是“将货物从东北部地区运输到新奥尔良的一个缺点是什么?”我们需要找寻的是缺点，也就是相对负面的信息。
通过原文的一些负面信息提示词如but, hazardous, spoil, 我们可以将答案出处最终定位到“But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid warehouses.”， 意思是“但是夏天水位低，蒸汽船航行有危险，冬天冰就封锁了交通。像猪油，牛脂和奶酪这样的产品如果存放在新奥尔良闷热潮湿的库房中就会很快融化。” 也就是说因为水位低（运输问题）、湿热（库房环境）因素导致东北部到新奥尔良的运输有了缺陷，这些缺陷都可以归结为B选项，也就是成本的上升。
干扰项解析
这道题目的迷惑选项主要是C项和D项。
C项说的是“从新奥尔良周边地区运出的货物有强的竞争优势因为他们的运输成本低”查看原文，根本就没有提到新奥尔良的neighboring areas，所以C选项错误。
再看一下D选项，说的是“温度和湿度”，这一选项迷惑性最大。因为原文确实有提到因为新奥尔良库房湿热的原因会使某些货物融化。但是要注意，温度和湿度不全面，因为还有另外一个重要的因素——水运问题，所以D选项也错误。
从这道题的正确选项B可以看出，细节题虽然相比推断题、句子插入题之类貌似复杂度低，但是也有很大一部分难题。譬如本题就难在正确选项的关键词并没有在原文出现，而是对原文的高度概括。同学们在遇到这样的选项时一定要多加思考，可能多花一分精力就多拿了一分。
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