托福阅读考试--如何快准狠搞定托福阅读“插入题”
如何快准狠搞定托福阅读“插入题”
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说起托福阅读，受过它折磨的考生都想站起来“吐吐更健康”，比如说，“文章不接地气，一点不考虑考生的感受”、“认识的单词不考，考的单词不认识”、“好好的一场严肃的考试非要跟电脑屏幕眉目传情”，但是撇开这些不说，它还是有些人情味儿在的。比如倒数第二题常常留给“句子插入题”。
句子插入题也叫插入文本题，即将一个新句子插入原文合适的位置：
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to
说起做这个题目，有些考生可能通过不同的途径收到过一些偏方，如：“段落开头不插”
既然如此，让我们一起读下这道题：
13. Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
And yet, how is it that the peasants were able to choose to expand their economic activity in response to the market opportunities?
■【A】They were able to do so because of our second consideration.■【B】They were relatively freer than they had been half a century earlier.■【C】 Over the course of the Fifth Reign (1868-1910), the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced. Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service to the government.■【D】Under these conditions, it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for the government: grow rice for the market place.
遵照“偏方”嘱咐，首句不能插，那么这道题任徘徊千百回，你也是断然找不出个能使文章读得通的落脚处的，因为答案恰恰就是首句■【A】这个位置。
那么问题来了，到底什么才是“插入文本题”的正确解题方式？
做题之前，我们先一起了解下，这道题的出题意图是什么：
1、考查是否理解文章内部逻辑关系。
一般考查段落内部-句子之间的逻辑关系，有时也会考查段落之间的逻辑关系。
2、考查是否知道段落间重要的指示词和连词的作用。
只有了解起着文章衔接作用的连词的用法，才能紧随文章逻辑。
接着要怎么解题呢？
例：
Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage.
In either case, the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea-level boiling point of 100 centigrade.
。Earth's internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics andcontinental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be harnessed to drive electric generators and heat homes. Geothermal energy becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir) that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. ■【A】The water is usually naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. ■【B】The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose.■【C】
By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80° to 180° centigrade. ■【D】Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces.More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.
(TPO-21: Geothermal Energy)
做句子插入题主要依赖的是语言线索，所以
第一步：仔细阅读待插入的句子，弄清含义，找出其中包含的衔接手段，预测可能存在的 语境。也就是：In either case, the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea-level boiling point of 100 centigrade.
句子中出现“either case”, either表示两者中“或者，任一”，意味着原文必提及两种“case”；
第二步：读原文，找线索
■ The water is usually occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. ■ The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose.■ By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relative low temperature of 80 to 180℃entigrade.■
我们发现原文首句提及“The water is usually occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock;”一种情况外，还提到了“less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface”这种情况，满足了“两种case”的猜测。
于是，我们把待插入句放到第二个小黑框前，检查一遍，逻辑通顺。
这道题中我们的解题突破口是一个叫“either”的词，除它以外，还有哪些词可能有逻辑衔接担当呢？
常见衔接手段：
1.语法衔接手段
语法衔接手段主要指代词，包括指示代词和人称代词。
指示代词：this, these, it, such, another, that, these, those
b. 人称代词：he, she, one, they, his, her, one’s, their
c. 定冠词：the
d. such, either, same等
说明插入句的内容上文有提到。
2. 逻辑衔接手段：
a. 因果: because, therefore, thus, consequently, so, as a result
b. 对比: however, on the contrary, nevertheless, unlike, in contrast, while, although, but
c. 递进: furthermore, also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally
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