托福备考技巧-- 如何依靠阅读成功逆袭托福综合写作
如何依靠阅读成功逆袭托福综合写作雅思托福英语全球网http://bbs.ieltstofelglobal.com/forum.php
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在托福考试的过程中,综合写作是最难让考生把控的一个环节了。因为其中不单需要考察写作,同时还是需要对于阅读和听力有一个测试。而简单来说,综合写作就是对阅读和听力的归纳总结。但是这看似简单的归纳总结,对大部分同学来说却是一个不小的挑战,尤其是自认为听力不好的同学,认为只能听天由命。其实不然。根据对现有的听力和阅读文章的分析以及关系的总结,可以得出一个结论:听力不好的情况下,依然可以用阅读文章逆袭成功。
那么到底应当如何逆袭呢?
逆袭依据一:阅读和听力的关系一般是相反的
根据对以往托福考试中综合写作的分析,可以得出这样一条规律,听力总是会反驳阅读的内容,而且听力和阅读材料肯定是对同一话题的讨论。比如TPO第一套的综合写作,阅读主要是说四天工作制对于公司、经济、雇员有好处,听力中主要论证的是四天工作制对于这三者没好处。
逆袭依据二:阅读和听力的内容形式是一定的
纵观TPO综合写作的文章,不难发现,不论是阅读还是听力都是给出一个主题句,之后用三个论点进行论证。而且阅读中的论点和听力中的论点是对应的,听力中分别对阅读论点加以反驳。
根据以上总结出来的规律作为依据,我们在听力不好的情况下,通过阅读文章进行对听力的预测和判断,依然可以得到重要的信息。
逆袭策略一:找出阅读的主旨句,推断听力的主旨句
根据以上两个依据,我们可以得出结论:听力基本上是反驳阅读的内容。所以我们找出阅读主旨句的同时,就可以推测出来听力的主旨句。以TPO1为例:
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.(TPO1)
通过分析TPO1综合写作的阅读文章,可以得出以上第一段划线部分为整篇文章的主旨句。通过逆袭依据一,我们可以推测出听力中的主旨句应为此句的反面。让我们来看一下听力中的主旨句是否如此。
Offering employees the option of a four-day workweek won’t affect the company profits, economic conditions or the lives of employees in the ways the reading suggests.
听力中的第一段就验证了我们的推测,四天工作制不会对公司、经济、雇员有好处。因此,在听力听不懂的情况下,我们依然可以通过阅读文章得出听力的主旨句。
逆袭策略二:找出阅读的论点句,推断听力的主旨句
通过逆袭策略二,我们可以得出,阅读和听力都是由三个论点来支持主旨句,因此在总结听力内容时,三个论点也是我们要找的重要信息。在听力听不懂的情况下,我们能不能通过阅读文章来推测出听力的论点呢。首先,来看一下阅读文章的第二段。
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company benefits.
很显然,这一段主要说明的是缩短的工作制对公司带来了好处,增加了公司收益。如果按照逆袭依据一,我们就可以推测出听力中肯定说的是没有增加公司收益。下面来看一下听力中的第一个论点。
First, offering a four-day workweek will probably force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more. Adding new workers means putting much more money into providing training and medical benefits. Remember the costs of things like health benefits can be the same whether an employee works four days or five. And having more employees also requires more office space and more computers. These additional costs would quickly cut into company profits.
听力中很显然论证的就是四天工作制减少了公司收益,让公司花费更多。至于花费在什么地方了,那就是听力中我们需要去记的细节了。即便在听不懂的情况下,我们依然可以推测出听力中的第一个论点。其他的论点也是如此。
通过分析综合写作的阅读文章和听力文章,我们发现,主旨句和论点句是一一对应反驳的,因此阅读文章对我们来说有极大的参考价值。尤其是听力不好的同学,要对阅读文章予以高度重视,通过阅读文章来帮助我们获取更多更有效的信息。
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